Global Warming and Climate Change Essay -- The Greenhouse Effect

Global straightawaying and the greenhouse effect atomic number 18 issues discussed by scientists all the time. A innate(p) process that keeps earths temperature at a livable rate is called the greenhouse effect. The energy from the sun warms up the earth when the rays from the sun are absorbed by greenhouse gasses. The gasses then flex trapped in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane and nitrous oxide are the most common greenhouse gasses. Greenhouse gases cause the radiant heat of the sun to be trapped in the Earths lower atmosphere which causes global warming. If there werent any greenhouse gasses, the earth would be really cold due to actually little sun rays being absorbed on the earth. Global warming can and exit lead to several problems that affect the environment in which we military man live in. These problems can lead to warmer temperatures all around the world, it can endanger animals and the wildlife, and it can lead to w idespread flooding from the glaciers melting. Here are a few more future effects that I will discuss in more detail about. Damage to human health, Severe stress on forests, wetlands, and other natural habitats, how fish will be affected. Global warming is a serious problem that will affect our generation when we are older. In talking about global warming, we need to learn what causes the greenhouse effect. Rays from the sun are taken up and absorbed by water vapor that is natural in the atmosphere. The United States emits the largest man made greenhouse gases in the world. As Americans we must realize the responsibility to reduce the emissions. (Gore, Albert) Water Vapor is eighty portion of greenhouse warming. The last twenty percent results from other gases that are in very little amounts. A huge absorber of the suns heat rays is light speed copy dioxide. Us as humans release a lot of one C dioxide. When fossil fuels are burned, they release big amounts of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is on the profit in our atmosphere due to car emissions. Approximately eighty percent of CO2 increases because of mans use of fossil fuels. When there is more carbon dioxide in our atmosphere the more sun rays are absorbed. In result to this happening this will cause the earth and the earths atmosphere to warm. When the earth is warming, water temperatures will start to get warmer. Oceans and lakes will get warmer in result f... ... areas will get more precipitation and storms while others will get nonentity and have serious droughts. The warming of a few degrees will cause glaciers to melt and sea ice to melt leading to a lot of scathe. This damage would lead the levels of the oceans to rise and would cause damage to coastal cities and islands. This would cause serious problems for the different species living in the oceans and could some disease. Especially diseases caused by mosquitoes which love warm and humid climates. There are many ideas and solutions to s top global warming. It is very difficult to reverse this process once it is started. If we want to live like we are now and have been we have to stop this process. Emissions of fossil fuels by humans is a big factor of global warming. The reason being is because of the amount of carbon dioxide released from the fossil fuels. Controlling these emissions is one huge step of many steps required to slow down and stop global warming. If global warming is not controlled, all the problems that have been mentioned, along with other problems will disrupt the living patterns in which we live.

The Issue of Age Discrimination in America Essay -- Age Discrimination

The Issue of Age Discrimination in AmericaThe fitting Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) protects against age secernment under Title VII. Specifically, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), which was passed in 1967 by congress, covers contrast against employees who are 40 or more years old. This topic should be a big concern for employers, since the number of elderly workers is increasing as the bobble boomer population matures. It is estimated that as many as twenty-percent of the claims filed with the EEOC are for age discrimination. Also, age discrimination settlements can be considerably higher than typical discrimination cases. Upon research, the average award amount between 1955 and 1988 was $219,000. (www.ama.net). For this reason alone, employers should take care of how they handle their aging workers. As mentioned above, the EEOC is responsible for enforcing the age discrimination regulations, including the ADEA of 1967. This regulation is in effect supp osed to promote employment of older persons based on their ability rather than age to prohibit arbitrary age discrimination in employment and to help employers and workers find ways of meeting problems arising from the impact of age on employment. (www.eeoc.gov). The ADEA presides over the boundaries for age discrimination in all aspects of employment. It not only if protects against discrimination for employees, but job applicants as well. Even job advertisements must not include age d...

Ancian Roman Arcitecture :: essays research papers

Ancient papist Architecture The ancient Romans arefamous for many things. One thing is their variant and victimisation of computer architecture. From the Etruscans and earlytribes the Romans found most of their basic architecturalskills. From the Greeks some components of Romanarchitecture were adapted. Which gives some early Romanarchitecture some characteristics of oriental person architecturebecause of Greek contact with the Orient. The heart ofRoman architecture was the Roman forum, which wasre onlyy being constructed under the rule of Octavian(Augustus) Caesar. As time progressed the Romanarchitecture went into a stage of Greek like pass waterings. Afterthis Roman architecture as we know it today was rootingto take form. Etruscan architecture was really the beginof Roman architecture. For example in Etruscan tombspeople would find many types of architectural traits foundin many Roman buildings. Like the fact they had vaultedentrances. slightly cities had an influence, m uch(prenominal) as thefortified city of Norba. After this Greece started to gaincontrol in Italy that greatly affected the Roman architectureof this time but not as much as Etruscan does in the future.When the Greeks came in Rome was building their newbuildings in the classic Greek vaulted construction withDoric expressive style columns. The start of this was in 179 B.C., itstarted with the planing of the Temple to Fortuna Virilis.This was completed in approximately 100 B.C. Thenshortly after the completion of the Tabularium strengthened in thetime of Sulla. In this fulfilment under the dictator Sulla,Hellenistic architecture flourished in Rome, with thebuildings Lindos, Cos, the acropolis at Pergamon, Fortunaat Praeneste, the sanctuary of He rcules Victor at Tibur,and the temple of Jupiter Anxur at Terracina. though allthese buildings were noticeably Hellenistic, they retainedthe Romans own unique architectural style. Such as thecylindrical model of Forum Boarium, this was an o riginalshape for the Romans along with the roof. Eventually theHellenistic architecture was being pushed out byRomanization. When Rome gained leadership overNeighboring countries and was starting to unite the cities, in virtually ccc B.C. Rome started to gain its own uniquearchitectural culture. When Rome was expanding they buildgrids of roads, and with this advance Rome had a muchgreater energy to build massive projects. Such as Octavian(Augustus) Caesars Forum, aqueducts, temples, jetties,safe ports, bridges, marsh drainage and the first trulyplanned cities. These cities were truly planned to trustedspecifications and were built and optimized for certainpurposes. After the Hellenistic period was nearing an end inRome Octavian (Augustus) Caesar took control of Romeand started to start some major development programs. A allowance to the god of Mars called the Ultor for the death ofAncian Roman Arcitecture essays research papers Ancient Roman Architecture The ancient Romans are famous for many things. One thing is their adaptation anddevelopment of architecture. From the Etruscans and earlytribes the Romans found most of their basic architecturalskills. From the Greeks some components of Romanarchitecture were adapted. Which gives some early Romanarchitecture some characteristics of oriental architecturebecause of Greek contact with the Orient. The heart ofRoman architecture was the Roman forum, which wasreally being constructed under the rule of Octavian(Augustus) Caesar. As time progressed the Romanarchitecture went into a stage of Greek like buildings. Afterthis Roman architecture as we know it today was startingto take form. Etruscan architecture was really the beginningof Roman architecture. For example in Etruscan tombspeople would find many types of architectural traits foundin many Roman buildings. Like the fact they had vaultedentrances. Some cities had an influence, such as thefortified city of Norba. After this Greece started to gaincontrol in I taly that greatly affected the Roman architectureof this time but not as much as Etruscan does in the future.When the Greeks came in Rome was building their newbuildings in the classic Greek vaulted construction withDoric style columns. The start of this was in 179 B.C., itstarted with the planing of the Temple to Fortuna Virilis.This was completed in approximately 100 B.C. Thenshortly after the completion of the Tabularium built in thetime of Sulla. In this period under the dictator Sulla,Hellenistic architecture flourished in Rome, with thebuildings Lindos, Cos, the acropolis at Pergamon, Fortunaat Praeneste, the sanctuary of He rcules Victor at Tibur,and the temple of Jupiter Anxur at Terracina. Though allthese buildings were noticeably Hellenistic, they retainedthe Romans own unique architectural style. Such as thecylindrical shape of Forum Boarium, this was an originalshape for the Romans along with the roof. Eventually theHellenistic architecture was being pushed out byRomaniz ation. When Rome gained leadership overNeighboring countries and was starting to unite the cities, inabout 300 B.C. Rome started to gain its own uniquearchitectural culture. When Rome was expanding they buildgrids of roads, and with this advance Rome had a muchgreater ability to build massive projects. Such as Octavian(Augustus) Caesars Forum, aqueducts, temples, jetties,safe ports, bridges, marsh drainage and the first trulyplanned cities. These cities were truly planned to certainspecifications and were built and optimized for certainpurposes. After the Hellenistic period was nearing an end inRome Octavian (Augustus) Caesar took control of Romeand started to start some major development programs. Atribute to the god of Mars called the Ultor for the death of

AIDS/HIV Essay -- Health, Diseases

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing contaminated needles and syringes, mother to kid (perinatal) and contaminated blood product (National Association of Health Authorities, 1988). 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCHLate HIV diagnosis remains a major problem among foreboding(a) Africans in England. In 2007, about 42 per cent of calamitous Africans diagnosed with HIV were diagnosed late (HPA, 2008a). This compromises their survival chances because evidence indicates that starting treatment with a CD4 cell itemise below 200 copies/mm3 (a measure of the degree to which an individuals immune system is compromised) increases the risk of disease progression and death (Gazzard, 2008). The reasons for late diagnosis among black Africans atomic number 18 not clear, but include persistent HIV-related stigma and discrimination (WHO, 2006). Fakoya et al. (2008) identified cultural, social and structural barriers, such as access to testing and care, worry of death and disease, lack of political will, restrictive immigration policies and lack of African representation in decision-making processes. There is a desperate need to understand the social context of the disease both in terms of the migrants region of origin as well as in their new United Kingdom (UK) communities. The British government is yet to address the steep rise in rates of the disease among heterosexuals and a new Aids awareness campaign targeted at those near at risk of spreading it is imperative. It is a campaign that the government is reluctant to undertake because of the sensitivities around immigration, race and perceptions of neo-colonialism (Chinouya and Davidson, 2003).The prevalence of diagnosed HIV in black African and bl... ...n found that higher levels of knowledge, perception of risk, and having a friend or relative with AIDS were associated with effective behaviour compound (Sambisa 2008). The notion behind personal let or kno wing some wiz who is infected is that for some people HIV/AIDS does not become real, or denial is preferable including denial of risk, until one witnesses someone ill or dying of AIDS. This means that trying to shift peoples perception of risk in order that they choose behaviours that are safe requires a detailed understanding of culture, context of perception, and experience of risk (Kesby, et al., 2003). This is related to the fact that culture in its anthropological sense, is a complex interplay of meanings, action, structure, and change that exist within all social relations and in all social settings (Mayisha II Collaborative Group 2005).

How John Lennon Made the Beatles More Popular than Jesus Essay

The story of the most legendary assort in the history of popular music began in 1960, in Liverpool, England. The Beatles, were an English rock band, whose most well-known lineup, consisting of prat Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, is considered by many as the most innovative, emulated, and successful music group of the twentieth century. John Lennon was largely responsible for the development of the band, since he, together with Paul McCartney, wrote most of the music for the Beatles. Lennon is largely responsible for the Beatles being considered the first rock performers who were truly considered groundbreaking artists in their own time, and years after the band broke up, with his lyrics, Beatlemania, and the controversy that he caused the band. John Winston Lennon was born in Liverpool, England on Oct. 9, 1940. His father abandoned the family when John was a baby, and his mother, Julia (after whom Lennon titled a song on the Double White Album in 1968 ) could never bring herself to settle down to parenthood, leaving her son to be raised by her sister, Mimi Smith, and her husband. Growing up in a working class family provided John with a typical upbringing and exposure to current music. As a teenager, while studying at art school in Liverpool, Lennon decided to follow his passion for music, and started the group, The Quarrymen. In 1957, Lennon met Paul McCartney, who became a member posterior that year, when the group first played at The Cavern, a local jazz club. In early 1958, McCartney introduced Lennon to another guitarist, George Harrison, who was accepted as a member of the group without hesitation. The Quarrymen continued as before, with Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison joined by other young ... ...The Beatles. Avonmouth Parragon Book Service, 1994. Print.Gopnik, Adam. A Point of View Why Are the Beatles so Popular 50 Years On? BBC smarts. BBC, 15 June 2012. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.Hogan, Randolph. He Love They Take and Mak e Beatles Beatles Bibliography. The New York Times 5 Apr. 1981 9. ProQuest. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. Lennon, John, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. Beatles Chicago pressure Conference 1 - 8/11/1966 - Beatles Interviews Database. Interview. Beatles Interviews Database. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. Lennon of Beatles Sorry for Making Remark on Jesus. The New York Times 12 Aug. 1966 38. ProQuest. Web.Turner, Steve. The Beatles A Hard Days Write. New York MJF, 1994. Print.Urish, Ben, and Kenneth G. Bielen. The Words and Music of John Lennon. Westport, CT Praeger, 2007. Print. The Praeger Singer-Songwriter Collection.

Prejudice and Racism in Heart of Darkness? Essay -- HOD Joseph Conrad

Heart of Darkness Racist or not? Many critics, including Chinua Achebe in his essay An Image of Africa racialism in Conrads Heart of Darkness, have made the consume that Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness, despite the insights which it offers into the human condition, ought to be removed from the canon of Western literature. This plead is based on the supposition that the novel is racist, more so than other novels of its time. While it can be read in this way, it is possible to look beneath the surface and create an interpretation of Conrads novel that does not require the supposition of extreme racism on the part of Conrad. Furthermore, we must keep in beware that Conrad was a product of a rather racist period in history, and it seems unfair to penalize him for not being able to transcend his contemporaries in this respect. This novel, it seems, must be read in a symbolic manner. Objects and characters are not so simple as they seem. Achebe tells us Quite simply it is the desire... in Western psychology to set Africa up as a foil to Europe, as a place of negations at once remote and vaguely familiar, in comparison with which Europes own state of spiritual grace will be manifest (251-252). If Africa is a foil to Europe, as stated here, then perhaps Conrad only if uses the continent of Africa symbolically, without regard to its people - as Achebe himself states, descriptions of Africans as anything more than vague limbs in the darkness are few and far between in the novel. The opposition between light and darkness in the novel, far from being Conrads own, is traditional in Western literature. Conrad simply uses the most familiar of symbols for the dichotomy between bully and evil to enhance his novels psycho... .... One might also argue that while Marlow is racist, Conrad is not - something like the scenario in another famous river novel, Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. However, I reject this claim - Marlow does the vast majority of the speaking in this novel, and so the reader identifies him as the novels narrative voice even though there is, strictly speaking, a erect story outside of this. Finally, even if Conrad was more racist than other authors of his time, why is this so significant? The novel is still valuable as an object of art, for the psychological insights it offers both into the human condition at large and into the motivations of European imperialism and colonization. A novel such as this should not be removed from the canon on the simple basis of its offensive potential. All great literature must have at least the potential to offend.

Herman Miller Business Case Essay

1. Executive summaryHerman Miller, an environmental leader in the office furniture industry that offers a wide variety of products including seating, systems furniture, filing storage, desks, tables and health care. In 1989, the play along firm to adopt a triple-bottom-line philosophy, so it established and deepend companys environmental direction by adopting Perfect Vision initiative that targeted zero landfill, zero hazardous, waste generation, zero air and water emissions.In 1997, the company decided to utensil a cradle-to-cradle (C2C) protocol based on eco-effectiveness vs. eco-efficiency and Waste equals food which consisted of four key elements biological and technical nutrients green-yellow-orange list disassembly, recyclability and recycled content. The C2C approach focused on minimizing toxic defilement and reducing natural resources waste.After years of extensive make believe, in 2001, the company decided that it was time to implement a C2C endeavor protocol on a product that would contain recyclable materials from beginning to end Mirra temper project was debuted. Herman Miller worked toward the design process, manufacturing, engineers, supply drawstring managers, manufacturing associates, design consultants, develop over 300 employees, worked with suppliers to find substitutes eco-friendly materials, performed raw material assessment, met with people from gross revenue and marketing and discussed several options for closing the loop by recycling the material from Mirra hold in.The major issue the company faced was determining the material that was going to be used for the arm- throw a fit skin polyvinyl chloride (premature ventricular contraction) versus thermoplastic urethane (TPU). PVC was known to be inexpensive and provided to be durable, scratch resistant and soft but violated the standards of the C2C protocol. PVC had bad press due to its toxicity during manufacturing process and when it was burned or incinerated. In contrary, TPU showed that had pleasant character reference characteristics prove to be even more scratch resistant than PVC, but raw material cost was twice of PCV. Development and supply chain management teams preferred to proceed with PVC while the design for environment (DfE) team wanted to press forward with TPU. 2. Introduction2.1 Company backgroundHerman Milller was founded as a Michigan Start Furniture Company in 1905. In 1923 D.J. De Pree purchased it, renamed it after his father-in-law and grew the company into an internationally acclaimed furniture design house. Herman Miller is considered as unmatchable of the top four suppliers in the US office industry that offers suite office furniture including seating, systems furniture, filing, storage, desks, tables and healthcare furniture. In 2001 annuals sales were about $1.5 billion dollars.In 1989, the company decided to move toward environmental sustainability by changing companys environmental policy and direction by adopting a cra dle-to-cradle (C2C) design protocol for environmental sustainability. The cradle-to-cradle approach will emulate nature regenerative cycle at the end of the life cycle. C2C redesigned industrial processes by minimizing toxic pollution and reducing waste. In 2001, a Design for Environmental (DfE) team was formed to design and develop a in the raw product. Mirra chair would be the most advanced and complete operation of the C2C design protocol among any product manufacturer to date.3.2 Identification of key issues facing the company* In 2002, the company suffered a decline in sales due to economic crisis and pre-internet-bubble where many of its customers cutback or dissolved. * The company realized that the ways its products were designed generated waste in the production process. * Cradle-to-grave process used by the company at the time, released toxic material into the environment. * Products were useless waste at the end of the useful lives. * The major key issue that the compa ny faced when launching the design protocol of Mirra chair was to decide the type of material that was going to be used for the arm-pad skin polyvinyl chloride (PVC) versus thermoplastic urethane (TPU) * Another relevant issue was the collection of Mirra chair after the end of its life cycle. DfE team were evaluating three alternatives Herman Miller to collect chairs retailers to collect the chairs third party company would collect them or customer could come down them directly.3.3 Issues facing the company and/or industry* Herman Miller international market was significant. Most of Herman Millers customers were multi-national therefore, tighter environmental regulations contributed to realize that the company needed to change its sustainability approach in order to stay ahead of the industry standard. * Moving toward environmental sustainability implied to review and redesign industrial processes that would generate less toxic pollution and deplete natural resources.3.4 Opportunit ies for the company* Leader of residential, office furniture and workspace design. * superstar of top four suppliers in the U.S. office furniture industry. * Company offered innovative satisfactory designed and high quality products. * Sustainability system was wizard of their competitive advantages. * Company stay ahead of the game by setting new industry environmental standards.3. Problem identification and analysisThe company analyzed that the way their products were designed using the cradle-to-grave process released toxic material into the environment and generated waste that could be decrease or avoided. Tighter environmental regulations help to realized that in order to stay ahead of the game, they needed to change cradle-to-grave for a cradle-to-cradle process.In 2001, Herman Miller decided to implement a design protocol on a product from beginning to end, so Mirra chair project was chosen. In order to implement C2C protocol a DfE team was formed to develop environmenta l evaluation measures of the new product, redesign and change processes, create a database for suppliers materials using the Green-Yellow-Orange-Red list criteria and establish disassembly guidelines for the new product. Engineers, supply chain managers, manufacturing associates and design consultants worked together to change their processes. Over 300 employees were trained on the new design protocol.The design process was the first one to be reviewed. During the exploration phase, designers brainstormed on the fundamental concept of the product and outlined high-level specifications. Once the basic design was established during the development process, the product was split up into modules and different teams were assigned to each module. severally team developed a prototype of their modules, DfE team assessed the design, following the C2C protocol for material chemistry, disassembly, recyclability and recycled content.Scorecards (See annex 1) were created and feedbacks were co mmunicated to the development team. The final exam DfE assessment (Annex 2) aggregated the material chemistry, disassembly, recyclability and recycled content fits for all modules and a scorecard for the final product was entered into Herman Millers material database for future reference. Each case was analyzed on a case-to-case basis a final DfE score of at least 50% was typically required for product acceptance. computing of weight and scores were calculated using Exhibit 5 formulas and criteria (See annex 3a and 3b). The importance of these calculations was used to perform a material evaluation assessment. If final score were below 50%, the company would find alternate components that meet C2C protocol requirements or work with suppliers to find substitute inputs or completely new material.One of the major issues was the PVC material used for the arm-pad of the chair, it was classified as red material, and its final DfE score was 0% because of the toxins released during its ma nufacturing and disposal process. PVC is known to be extremely durable, scratch resistant, formable and cheap but it doesnt comply with the C2C protocol. Development engineers and supply chain group preferred PVC material because it was an inexpensive material and the tooling for the PVC arm pads had already been fabricated.Thermoplastic Urethane (TPU) was identified as an alternate and suitable material that meet the same product performance as PVC. Tests showed that TPU had acceptable quality characteristics and might be even more scratch resistance than PVC however, raw material cost of TPU was twice of PCV and increased the cost of the arm pad assembly by approximately by 30%. To switch to TPU would cost over $100K in retooling or would try to modify the PVC tool to work with TPU. Modifications of the original tool were feasible, but it was unclear whether the part quality of the TPU arm pad skins would be consistent as the PVC skins. DfE team wanted to round off the use of TP U since it complies with C2C protocol.The closing loop of the Mirra chair was another relevant issue that concerned the company. Mirra team discussed several options of how to collect the recycling the material of the chair. Three basic options for collecting the chairs were identified 1) Herman Miller could collect the chairs itself 2) Retailers could collect them, 3) A third party company would collect them or 4) Customers could return the chairs to Herman Miller once they consummate with their useful life or wanted to upgrade to newer chair models. If Herman Miller took the responsibility of collecting the used chairs, it would have to develop logistical support for manipulation the products coming back to the company.4. RecommendationsBased on environmental sustainability culture and the triple-bottom-line philosophy adopted by Herman Miller, I would recommend pressing forward with TPU material, which complies with C2C design protocol and continuous improvement policy of no in ventory, no waste products and no waste parts and time. The company should promote a strong PVC-free marketing strategy to attract a bigger market share, taking into consideration that Mirra chair would be the most advanced and complete application of C2C protocol among competitors and the first manufacturer to offer a product of its kind.Mirra chair project should be used as a base-line to determine the future of other Herman Millers products. If Mirra chair demonstrates to have a higher acceptance rate among customers, increased sales and elevated overall performance the company should consider expanding its line of green products or even switching from PVC products to PVC-free products over the course of the years. It is important to make a cost-benefit analysis comparing the two materials in order to have a better picture of the pros/cons and implications of any final determination.In addition, the company should hire a third party collector in order to avoid evolution further logistical support and increase the cost for handling products coming back to the company at the end of its life cycle.5. ConclusionHerman Millers corporate environmental goal was stated as to become a sustainable business manufacturing products without reducing the capacity of the environment to provide for future generations. Therefore, final decision of pursuing PVC or TPU should be based corporate values and policies. The company needs to evaluate the possibility of the negative impact and consequences if it decides to launch a green product strategy but continues to include non-environmental friendly material on its products.

Women in World War II

Women served an important role in WWII. They non only took the ch eachenge and stepped up to take the places of the men finish off fighting in the warfare to work in factories, save they also fought side by side with those risking their lives and fighting for their country. They were need everywhere during the war. There were an unconvincing amount of job opportunities for women during the war and many supported the brave acts of voluntary enlistment. A cleaning womans place is in the theater was an old adage, but it s work held true at the start of World War II.Even though millions of women worked, home and family we considered the focus of their lives says Brenda Ralf Lewis. Without the economic aid of those women who were brave enough to step, the war whitethorn have non ended as successfully as is did. Womens jobs were very important in WWII. Women participated a great deal on the home front war effort. While the men in their lives were off fighting in the war, women wer e working in factories fulfilling the mens jobs producing ammunition, tanks, and other weapons urgently needed during the war. According to Buzzle. com, Women took over places initi eithery meant for men and excelled in the same as well. If women werent in factories they were at home providing for their families.Supplies were rationed because of the shortages caused by lack of mint from other countries that were at war as well, such as Japan and Southeast Asia. Families were give booklets for each member which determining the amount received. Utilities such as toaster and waffle irons flashlights and batteries tea toys and games vacuum cleaners and vending machines were no hankerer manufactured because the materials were more of a priority for scrap admixture to build the necessities for war. Use it up/ Wear it out/ Make it do/ or do without became a well-kn avow saying around the unify States during the war according to Dot Chastney. During the war women were expected to step up in the places of the men. Some were brave enough to go out into the field while others didnt have much of a choice but to work in factories in order to stay closer to home with their families. The war had an impact not only on the fighters and workers, but on the children as well. They were deprived of the education they deserved because funding started to go to the war efforts.Having to deal with the war caused people all around to make decisions that were best for everyone around rather than a specific group of people. One good thing that came out of the war was the extraordinary opportunities fractureed to women. non only did it show that women can work as well as men did in those working conditions, it widened womens work options, and let them contribute what they had to offer to the war. While men were at war, jobs were needed to be filled. War was heating up and according to Brenda Ralf Lewis. It was not entirely unexpected and anticipating the event was different from ex periencing it first base hand, which caused upheaval as m millions geared up to cope with its demands. Jobs were a huge demand at this point and who else to fill the jobs? Thats right. The countries very own women. Women were granted with extraordinary opportunities. Women learned new skills as they replaced men in war work, using expertise and physical strength many neer knew they possessed. This did not always go down well with men still working in the wartime factories, acknowledges Brenda Ralf Lewis.Being adequate to(p) to work in factories, women learned techniques they never knew they had and if it hadnt been for the war, they probably never would have ever experienced it. Opportunities for women consisted of Army nurses, Navy nurses, Women Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC), Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), women Marines, the sailplaning Guard preserve, jet pilots, and so many other amazing opportunities. There were not only needed for fighting on the fro nt, but for factory jobs as well.Women quickly learned to work with the machines and build the necessary weapons that were in high demand during the war. Rosie the Riveter was a metaphoric figure used to represent the strength, dismal jobs, and work women provided for the war effort. Penny Colman states Rosie the Riveter was supposedly based on Rose Bonavita, a riveter in the United States. During the war more than sixsome million women coupled the workforce. In August of 1943 Newsweek Magazine reported They women are in the shipyards, lumber mills, steel mills, foundries. They are welders, electricians, mechanics, and even boiler makers.They operate driveway cars, buses, cranes, and tractors. Women engineers are working in the drafting rooms and women physicists and chemists in the great industrial laboratories. Ever since then women proved that they can work in a mans workplace and do just as well. Any job that was a mans, was a womens as well. Women were soon the more or le ss needed workers of all according to Brenda Ralf Lewis. Factory workers became known as the soldiers without guns. If women hadnt stepped up to the line, winning the war wouldnt have been as easy as it was for us.not only did the women in factories and shipyards have a big part in doing their part in the war contributions, but so did the women who were out on the field fighting alongside with their men risking their very life. Women working and fighting on the line of protection had the toughest jobs. Those working on the front line lived in constant danger as they worked to preserve life while everything happening around them was designed to destroy it says Brenda Ralf Lewis. In the beginning women were discriminated and were doubted when doing the jobs on the front line. Thousands of women joined the womens uniformed work in World War II. There was, inevitably, resistance to the idea of women in uniform, but their contribution was vital reports Brenda Ralf Lewis. Not long after joining the armed forces they were able to prove the doubters otherwise. The Allied armed services drew thousands of women into military life, from all over the world. The United States and Britain accounted for most employing women in all three armed forces and, in the case of the United States, in the Coast Guard and Marines as well.There were many different military branches women were able to join at that time. Some included Womens Arm Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), Womens Army Corps (WAC) Womens Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) was combine with the Womens Air Force Service Pilots (WASP) as well. Other countries such as Britain, Canada, Australia, South Africa, India, New Zealand, Burma, France, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and the Soviet Union all offered forces dedicated to women and the services they offered. numerous questioned the fact if women should be allowed to serve at all.Women in the military had image problems. They were seen as femmes fatales their role was trivia lized or they were dubbed unfeminine for deserting their proper place, home. Not only did they prove them wrong by going out into the field and fighting on the front, but they also put their feminine qualities to work. Women became great underground spies. According to Simone Payment, Spies have been used in times of war and peace since the beginning of civilization and women have long been involved in these espionage pursuits.In the United States, female spies participate in both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. But it wasnt until World War II that they became an official-and incredibly important-part of the war effort. Many female spies made a difference in World War II, often at a great personal cost. Many never questioned the thought of a dainty and delicate woman to be able to posses such power. Women were able to go undercover easily by just macrocosm themselves and going along with their daily lives. Women took the risks of being captured and tortured if they were e ver discovered.Some women that contributed their lives to the ware are Tatiana Nikolaevna Baramzina who was born on December 12, 1919 in Glazov and was also the receiver of the Gold Star Award. In 1943, Tatiana was sent to the Central Womens Sniper Training School and upon her graduation in April, she was later sent to the 3rd Belorussian Front. She managed to kill around 16 enemies in the first three months itself. Unfortunately, she was captured by the enemies and tortured before she was shot point blank. Tatiana Nikolaevna Baramzina passed away on July 5, 1944.Today, the street where she grew up has been re-named in her memory. Another woman that dedicated her life to the war was named Hannah Szenes who was born on 17th July, 1921 and was trained to parachute by the British army into Yugoslavia during World War II. This task was given in order to save the Jews of Hungary. Her secret mission was not revealed even when she was tortured following her arrest at the Hungarian border. Hannah Szenes had to brave immense tortures, so far she did not lose heart. She bravely battled it out and tried to sing to keep her spirits high.She also kept a record of events in her diary till November 7, 1944, when she was finally executed by a firing squad. During the war, the efforts of many women had gone by unnoticed. Overall women had and enormous impact on the war with their contributions and dedication to help provide, step up and win the war. Without the help of the women, we might have never won. Every woman had an important role and they did it with great honor. To this day, women are in all different branches of the military.

Clean Water Crisis

Clean Water Crisis/Scarcity For decades, providing clean water to the masses has been a goal. Even with the Millennium Declaration, a goal proposed by the United Nations to provide clean water sources to every maven in the military man by 2020, many people will go without clean water supplies. Can you imagine living in a region where there are struggles to get a glass of clean water. It seems so distant to us living in modern industrialized America, yet this concept is completely taken for granted in everyday life. We simply forget the means as to how we occupy gotten this necessity of life delivered to our kitchen sink.This is nonethe little relevant in todays world. Unless you are one of the unfortunate countries or regions in which there is special supplies of water and the water that is present is stagnant or so contaminated with bacteria and other minerals that it liter whollyy makes you sick from dysentery by simply drinking one glass. Letsfirst look at the public water sup ply in areas with scarce resources. With a population of well over 120 million people less than 30% of Nigeria has access to safe drinking water(Nigeria). Ingestion of unsafe drinking water can result in spreadable disease.In fact, in India, 21% of all spreadable disease is due to a lack of safe water, and diarrhea alone causes more than 1,600 deaths daily(India). Worldwide 1 out of every 4 deaths under the succession of 5 is due to a water-related disease (water). The niger river which once f small(a)ed freely though Africa has been being used to stool hydro-electric power out of the Akosombodam. According to BBC news, Nigeria is dependent on this river and the river is now facing environmental catastrophe as a result of pollution. The United States is affected a good deal less than other parts of the world at this time.Although if we do not change something soon we may end up like some of the worlds less fortunate counties. California has been in a drought since 2006. Our own L exington root is down to less than 5% due construction of a safer dam (Rogers). We may be in trouble the reservoir will not gain water levels until we come out of this drought. Thats because reservoirs and groundwater are already depleted after two years of drought and because the states population is much bigger than it was during the last statewide drought in the early 1990s. As the population grows the demand for water increases.Since 1990 the population has doubled. Yet water usage has change magnitude by 6 times. Many Americans are accustomed to having whatever they want, when they want, at any cost. We need to think about the affects of everything that we do, take a simple rain shower for example. In a survey taken from 36 people from the ages 15- 55 the average person took 8 showers per week. With an average estimated time of 15 minutes. A low flow shower head can produce as little as about 1. 5 gallons per minute. The legal limit for a company to produce a shower head is 2. 5 gallons per minute, but most companies work around that by having a removable flow restrictor.If this is not put in upon installation a high flow shower head can produce up to 5-7 gallons per minute. So this means of the 36 people surveyed, assuming that they have between the legal limit of 1. 5 and 2. 5 gallons per minute, the total of their usage will be between 336,960 and 561,600 Gallons of water per year. Thats over a half(prenominal) million gallons of water for 36 people per year, to take their showers. According to the US Census Bureau as of June 2007 the population of California was 37,700,000, and is still growing(what). This would mean that in 2007 alone California used an unbelievable 470 billion gallons of water to take showers.

Native American Cultural Assimilation

native Australian the Statesn Cultural Assimilation from the Colonial Period to the Progressive October 2, 2011 Introduction Although the first base European settlers in America could non urinate survived mindhout their assistance, it was not long before the primordial Americans were viewed as a problem population. They were an obstacle to the expansion plans of the colonial governance and the same to the sassyly formed United States. The inherent Americans were dealt with in various ways.During expansion some were outright exterminated finished war while others forcibly make to move to lands deemed less than ideal. The idea was to make them vanish out of sight, out of mind. Though their numbers in terms of population and tribal groups dwindled, they persisted and go along to be a problem in the eyes of the federal government. In the latter part of the nineteenth century the United States government instituted a new way to operate war against the Native Americans. Thi s involved assimilating their children through government-run embarkation and day schools.Federal policy-makers were sure that by giving the Native American children an American-style education, they would eventually create by mental act into Americans and return to their reservations, notwithstanding forsaking their previous culture, traditions and way of thinking. The federal government assumed that as the aged died off and, with the children assimilated, within a few generations at to the highest degree, there would be no need for reservations or Indian policy, thus accomplishing the original goal of making them vanish.There is little doubt that socialization through education failed on almost all fronts, alone through my research I hope to uncover some arbitrarys for the Native American children, peculiarly those modify by late nineteenth century Indian policy which removed them from their families and, in some cases, sent them into an alien world hundreds of miles away . Throughout the history of, especially, European imperialism, the relationships amid indigenous peoples and colonizers normally proceed through a series of phases. Generally singing, the first phase involved the establishment of colonies which meant the disruption of Native societies and usually the displacement of people. In most cases, there was some degree of violence and if complete domination was not swift, treaties were drawn up by resetting territorial boundaries in order to maintain a degree of order. Because resource and land acquisition was the main goal of the colonizers in the first place, treaties seldom lasted and violence continued. In most cases, the next phase in colonialism to lessen violence and restore order was to try assimilation. Assimilation could mean turning the indigenous population into a cipher force or perhaps a marginalized group of others who speak the colonizers language1 As colonial expansion kept growing in North America, assimilation was atte mpted on several levels. Attempts were made at outright Native American removal from their lands and, when that did not work, religion was probably the most widespread weapon of the colonizers to subdue the Natives. Priests, Catholic and Protestant, (usually backed by an armed force) were more(prenominal) often than not unsuccessful in their attempts to force civilization on the Natives. 2 Assimilation by this means was boost complicated because of competing religions. Natives who embraced Catholicism offered by french or Spanish colonizers further distanced themselves from British colonizers and vice versa. European wars of the 17th and 18th centuries between Catholic and Protestant powers carried over into the North American colonies and the Native Americans were situated in a no-win situation. As a result of victories in these wars, not only did 1. Holm, Tom. The Great Confusion in Indian personal matters. pp. 1-2. 2.Findling and Thackeray, eds. Events that Changed America i n the Seventeenth Century. p. 72. the British resent Native Americans who fought against them in the wars, they crept deeper into Native American grease until their defeat in the American Revolution. 3 Now, what had been colonial expansion in America turned into national expansion of the newly created United States. As the eighteenth-century came to a be quiet and the major players in expansion had changed, policy toward Native Americans stayed essentially the same it had been under the British.Early in the nineteenth-century and the Louisiana Purchase in hand, (Thomas) Jefferson, much as he struggled with the issue (Indian policy), could simply not envision a future for the United States that included a place for Indians as Indians. As president, Jefferson tried to fig an Indian policy that would hu piece of musicely assimilate Native Americans into the new republic, but his vision of national expansion turned out not to have any(prenominal) room for Native Americans. 4 Those who refused or resisted assimilation would be forcibly pushed westward to lands deemed unfit for anything by most Americans. 5 As expansion increased further West, the Native Americans faced another subtle weapon in addition to religion from the government in its attempt to subdue them American-style education. Years of violence, forced removal to Indian Territory and forced religious indoctrination had failed to solve what the federal government referred to as the Indian problem. 6 the Native Americans may not have flourished in their new land, but they survived and would not go away. As a result, American policy shifted from trying to vanquish the Indians to trying to make them vanish. Starting as an experiment in the archean nineteenth-century and continuing until it became 3. Hightower-Langston, Donna. Native American World. p. 365. 4. Conn, Steven. Historys Shadow. p. 3. 5. Garrison, Tim Alan. The Legal Ideology of removal. p. 7. 6. Ninkovich, Frank. Global Dawn. p. 185. oli cy in the last quarter of the century, new Indian policy would be to extinguish Native American cultures through an American-style education of the young. The thinking was, educate the Native American children to American culture to assimilate them and, for the time being, contend with the adults on reservations. The idea behind this was, after a few generations, the adults would die off and the new generations of American educated, assimilated citizens would survive, but not their old cultures and ways of life.The balance of this paper will focus on the assimilation through education policy. In 1794 the nation made its first Indian treaty specifically mentioning education, and many more treaties would contain similar offers and even demands for compulsory schooling of tribal children. In 1819 Congress provided a specific civilization fund of $10,000 for the uplift of Indians, and the assimilationist campaign continued to employ legislation, treaty making (until 1871), and other ex pedients to achieve its goals.Initially the United States government through its office/ Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), depended upon Christian missionary societies, but by the later(prenominal) nineteenth century the government dominated the educational effort, having established a loose system of hundreds of day schools, on-reservation embarkation schools, and off-reservation boarding schools, BIA and missionary schools together to Christianize, civilize, and Americanize Indian children the rigidly ethnocentric curriculum aimed to strip them of tribal cultures, languages, and spiritual concepts and turn them into heathenish brokers who would carry the new order back to their own peoples. 7 7. Coleman, Michael C.American Indians, the Irish, and Government Schooling. pp. 1-2. The idea of targeting Native American children for civilization fostering actually began in the seventeenth-century in New England where Native children were separated from their families and situated in praying towns. A Christian education was aimed at the children because they (the colonists) believed (Native American) adults were too set in their ways to become Christianized. 8 From this early on attempt at assimilation through education, Native American education developed into fairly formal on-reservation schools run by churches and missionary societies, with limited funding by Congress.These schools were made possible after such actions as the Indian Removal Act which concentrated Native Americans in Indian territories and under somewhat more confine of the federal government. These mostly denominational schools offered the only American-style, limited as it was, education until after the American Civil War. after the conflict (Civil War) the nation developed the ease Policy, an approach that gave schools a renewed prominence. The carnage of the war encouraged re reasons to find new ways to deal with Native nations other than warf atomic number 18. 9 Under this peace, the federal government was to provide the necessary funding for schools, administrators, and teachers. 10 There was some funding for the policy by Congress, but not nearly enough.With limited funding, day schools were established on reservations. oneness-room schools were the norm where government officials encouraged a curriculum of academic and vocational subjects, and sometimes the Office of Indian Affairs paid a reservation carpenter, farmer, or blacksmith to offer courses. 11 8. Keller, Ruether, eds. Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America. pp. 97-8. 9. Trafzer, Keller and Sisquoc, eds. Boarding School Blues. p. 11. 10. ibid. p. 11. 11. ibid. p. 12. About the same time these one-room schools were being established, Commissioner of Indian Affairs Edward P. Smith submitted his annual report favoring boarding schools over day schools.In his report Smith stated that the use of English and the elimination of Native languages was the trace to assimilation and civilization. 12 In a plan for national system of Indian schools (October 18890 sent to the Secretary of the Interior, a successor of Smiths, Thomas J. Morgan, offered the next When we speak of the education of the Indians, we mean that comprehensive system of training and instruction which will convert them into American citizens, put within their reach the blessings which the rest of us enjoy, and modify them to compete successfully with the white man on his own ground and with his own methods.Education is to be the medium through which the rising generation of Indians are to be brought into fraternal and harmonious relationship with their white fellow citizens, and with them enjoy the sweets of refined homes, the delight of social intercourse, the emoluments of commerce and trade, the advantages of travel, together with the pleasures that come from literature, science, and philosophy, and the solace and input signal afforded by a true religion. 13 Carlisle Indian Industrial School Ten year s prior to Commissioner Morgans report, Richard Henry Pratt, a former United States army officer who had commanded a unit of African American Buffalo Soldiers and 12. Trafzer, Keller and Sisquoc, eds. Boarding School Blues. p. 12. 13.Prucha, Francis Paul. Documents of United States Indian Policy. p. 177. Indian scouts in Indian Territory following the Civil War, began his own quest of assimilation through education. In 1879, he secured the permission of the Secretary of the Interior, Carl Shurz, and Secretary of the War Department McCrary to use a desolate military base as the site of his school. 14 Using this site in Pennsylvania, he felt that he could take Native American children from the reservations and by distancing them from tribal influences, turn them into Americans. With the site secured and community support behind him, the next step was to recruit students.He headed to the Dakota Territory where he was tasked to bring back Native American children to Carlisle. Aided by a teacher/interpreter, Pratt was able to bring back the first class of 82 students. Unfortunately, when he got back to Pennsylvania, necessary basic dungeon supplies antecedently promised to them by the Bureau of Indian Affairs were not to be found. The children slept on the floor in blankets. 15 In time, some funding was secured privately from former abolitionists and Quakers who were eager to be involved in his success and who often visited the school. Using his military background, the school (for both boys and girls) was modeled after a military academy. lend discipline and a sense of time was important to Pratt if he was to make progress with the children and, as one of his former teachers commented on the children, they have been systematically taught self-repression. 16 Although that first recruiting class consisted of only 82 students, by the time the school was at full operating capacity (the school survived 39 years), enrollment averaged 1000 students. 17 14. Landis, Ba rbara. Carlisle Indian Industrial School History. http//home. epix. net/ Landis/histry. html 15. ibid. 16. ibid. 17. ibid. Other Indian Schools Similar types of federal Indian boarding schools were located in the West. They may have been physically closer to reservations, but had the same ideals and philosophy of Carlisle.With military-type discipline, children were encouraged to leave their Native American culture behind and accept Americanization. One of the best known of these schools, the Haskell Indian Institute, was located in Lawrence , Kansas. 18 It differed from most Indian schools in the East in that, after a few years (and graduates) it, handle other western Indian schools began to staff itself with former students in teacher and, in some cases, administrative roles. 19 Another Native American school of channel was the Flandreau Indian School, opened in 1893 in eastern South Dakota primarily for Ojibwe and Dakota students in its early years. 20 Like Haskell, its main f unction was industrial education for boys and domestic science for girls.No matter which school the children attended, Carlisle, Haskell, or Flandreau, there were common problems faced by the children initiation (into the white mans universe), discipline, and punishment, along with boilers suit problems and achievements of pupil adjustment. 21 most children absolutely resisted Americanization a favorite form of resistance was arson and those who, at least on the face of it, accepted the white mans ways were often subjected to rejection by their peers or elders or suspicion by non-Indians. 18. Warren, Kim Cary. The Quest for Citizenship. p. 15. 19. ibid. p. 15. 20. Child, Brenda J. Boarding School Seasons. p. 7. 21. Coleman, Michael C. American Indians, the Irish, and Government Schooling. p. 8. purposeThroughout my research there was a common theme in the sources I used one group trying to impose its will on another. I realize that most of this paper has seemed like an indic tment against, first, the European colonizers, then the European-American expansionists and, finally, the Americans in their treatment of Native American peoples, despite what may have seemed, at least some of the time, noble intentions. Sobeit. Actions by Native Americans against non-Native Americans have almost always been reactionary. Throughout history this was evident. In early colonial America, scrap between the French and English (initially in Europe and other parts of the world) spilled over into North America to the contested margins of their empires. Native Americans in league with the French initiated what became King Williams War when they helped massacre British settlers of Schenectady, New York, on February 9, 1690. 22 The Native American motive for participating probably was not to see further expansion of French territory into Native American land, but more likely a response to years of violence committed by the British toward them. Moving ahead a couple of centurie s, it seemed like the united States government still held to the mindset that the only good Indian is a dead Indian, not necessarily dead in a physical sense, but dead in a cultural sense. Continued expansion westward was problematic for the federal government because every time there was another push, there always seemed to be Native Americans in its way.Violence in many forms against the Native Americans to try to vanquish them had little success, so new policy, though experimental at first, was implemented in the nineteenth-century and gained support of so-called reformers. The new 22. Bobrick, Benson. Angel in the Whirlwind. pp. 18-19 policy was designed, not to vanquish the Native Americans, but make them vanish. To make them vanish, again not so much physically, but culturally, the federal government pick out policies demanding assimilation. This assimilation would be accomplished by educating the Native American young in a way that would Americanize them. After their America nization the young would take their training either back to the reservation or mainstream America, leaving their Indian culture behind, thus making the Indian culture gradually vanish.To this end, the federal government began its boarding school program for Native Americans during the late nineteenth-century as part of a crusade by a coalition of reformers who aimed to assimilate Native Americans into dominant Anglo-Protestant monastic order through education. With a fervor that was partly evangelical and partly militaristic, the creators of the boarding school system hoped that through education, they could bring about a mass cultural conversion by waging war upon Native American identities and cultural memories. 23 The negatives of the new Native American assimilation/education program far outweighed the positives. The Native American children were cast into what was essentially a whole new world very alien to them. One seemingly small example of this change was the wearing of sh oes.Some children had never worn shoes in their lives, but were suddenly forced to wear them. The children were disciplined harshly for speaking anything but English in the schools stung by peers, reservation elders and, sometimes, suspicious non-American Indians depending on the degree they accepted assimilation taught trades and skills that were becoming obsolete and, probably worst of all, so psychologically confused, many were later unable to function on the reservation or in the white mans world. 23. Bloom, John. To Show What an Indian Can Do. p. xii On the positive side of boarding schools, many children were removed from situations of abject poverty and given room and board.The food and living arrangements were totally foreign to them, but it was better than they had previously known. Moving the children from the reservations also kept them quarantined from the disease prevalent there. One of the benefits of completing their boarding school experience was that many graduates later began to staff the schools, especially in the West, somewhat lessening white influence and the schools ability (and will) to make cultures and ways completely disappear, a positive for the Native Americans, but a prime example of the failure of the schools to carry out federal policy. Though most of the education the children was rudimentary, at best, but in some cases students embraced training and took their education to the next level.They went on to more formal schools and used their training and education back on the reservations to become leaders with a better consciousness of the Native American/American relationship, while others infiltrated local, territorial, state or federal Indian agencies once manned only by white bureaucrats, most who were brute when it came to dealing with Native American problems. Assimilation had failed as a governmental policy and, as more and more educated Native Americans left the reservations and altered to the white world, while retai ning fundamental culture and ways, and was replaced by acculturation. Acculturation was not a federal policy, it describes a necessary survival tool used by the Native American to preserve what little was left of their cultures and ways of life.Instead of their educations making them subservient to their master (the federal government), education allowed those Native Americans with the desire and wit to attain respect. Gaining this respect from both their own people, as well as the white American people took time, but with it came, little by little, more billet and the ability, right and courage to have a say in how their lives were to play out. As bad a reputation as they have had in the early(prenominal) and even to this day, the fact that reservations still exist shows the unwillingness of some Native Americans to let their traditions die. The popularity of Indian art, jewelry and music serves to keep the cultures going.Just as the early settlers of the West found out, they are everywhere, though in decreasing numbers, and will not go away. Works Cited 1. Bloom, John. To Show What an Indian Can Do Sports at Native American Boarding Schools. Minneapolis, MN, ground forces, University of Minnesota Press, 2000. http//site. ebrary. com/lib/genus Apus/Doc? id=10151303 2. Bobrick, Benson. Angel in the Whirlwind The Triumph of the American Revolution. New York, NY, the States, Penguin Books, 1998. 3. Child, Brenda J. Boarding School Seasons American Indian Families, 1900-1940. Lincoln, NE, the States University of atomic number 10 Press, 1998. http//site. ebrary. com/lib/apus/Doc? id=10015709 4. Coleman, Michael C. American Indians, the Irish, and Government Schooling A Comparative Study.Lincoln, NE, USA University of Nebraska Press, 2007. http//www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summary&v=1&bookid=184858 5. Conn, Steven. Historys Shadow Native Americans and Historical Consciousness in the Nineteenth Century. Chicago, Il, USA Univers ity of Chicago Press, 2004. http//www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summary&v=1&bookid=262649 6. Findling, John E. and Frank W. Thackeray, eds. Events that Changed America through the Seventeenth Century. Westport, CT, USA Greenwood Press, 2000. http//www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summary&v=1&bookid=77716 7. Garrison, Tim Alan.The Legal Ideology of Removal The Southern Judiciary and the Sovereignty of Native American Nations. Athens, GA, USA The University of Georgia Press, 2002. http//www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summary&v=1&bookid=103178 8. Hightower-Langston, Donna. Native American World. Hoboken, NJ, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , 2003. http//netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summary&v=1&bookid=79081 9. Holm, Tom. The Great Confusion in Indian Affairs Native Americans and Whites in the Progressive Era. Austin, TX, USA The University of Texas Press, 2005. http//site. ebrary. com/lib/apus/Doc? id=1010671 10.Keller, Rosemary Skinner, Rosemary Radford Ruether and Marie Cantlon, eds. Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America. Bloomington, IN, USA Indiana University Press, 2006. http//www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summary&v=1&bookid=171513 11. Landis, Barbara. Carlisle Indian Industrial School History. http//home. epix. net/landis/histry. html 12. Ninkovich, Frank. Global dawn the Cultural Foundation of American Internationalism, 1865-1890. Harvard University Press, 2009. http//site. ebrary. com/lib/apus/Doc? id=10402533 13. Prucha, Francis Paul, ed. Documents of United States Indian Policy.Lincoln, NE, USA University of Nebraska Press, 2000. http//www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summary&v=1&bookid=53529 14. Trafzer, Clifford E. , Jean a. Keller and Lorene Sisquoc, eds. Boarding School Blues Revisiting American Indian Educational Experiences. Lincoln, NE, USA University of Nebr aska Press, 2006. http//www. netlibrary. com. ezproxy1. apus. edu/urlapi. asp? action=summary&v=1&bookid=162267 15. Warren, Kim Cary. The Quest For Citizenship African American and Native American Education in Kansas, 1880-1935. Chapel Hill, NC, The University of North Carolina Press, 2010. http//site. ebrary. com/lib/apus/Doc? id=10425421

Appropriation of Romeo and Juliet

Discuss the annexation of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespe be and Romeo+Juliet by Baz Luhrmann Texts and ideas from school texts are appropriated and transformed into opposite text forms and other com determines in a different mount. An appropriation is a text that is appropriated or taken over by a nonher composer and presented in a new way. Romeo and Juliet is a well-known high culture text that is a tragedy about two younker star-crossed hunchrs whose deaths ultimately unite their feuding families. In the 1997 film, Baz Luhrmann has taken what is valued about the original animate of Romeo and Juliet the themes, evocative no handsclature and poetry, the interminable storyline and humour, and has placed it in a scene which is accessible and appealing to a modern audience.This essay will demonstrate how and why Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet has been appropriated and valued for modern audiences in relation to variations in the reactions to the text over time, differences and similarities between language, settings, prologue and chorus, themes, characterisation, techniques, values and contexts, as well as different readings of the revive and other appropriations. Shakespeares time was an age of great change, as the old ways were being questioned, and more(prenominal) than any other Renaissance figure, Shakespeare exposed an ability to spend the past and shape it for his own dramatic needs.As a result of this, his ideas and storyline in Romeo and Juliet were being questioned. The earliest registered critic of the play was diarist Samuel Pepys who, in 1662 wrote it is a play of itself the worst that I ever heard in my life story. Ten years later, the poet John Dryden wrote Shakespeare showd the best of his skill in his Mercutio, praising the play and its comic character Mercutio. In the mid-eighteenth degree Celsius, source Charles Gildon and philosopher Lord Kames argued that the play was a failure in that it did not follow the classical conven tions of drama.However, writer and critic Samuel Johnson thought it to be one of Shakespeares most pleasing plays. It is evident that Romeo and Juliet has received mixed reactions, but also gained value by responders as the context has changed over the years. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare applied two specific aspects of life in Renaissance Italy to create the complication of his play. The first was the level of bloody interfamily disagreements that fast Italian cities uring the Renaissance era, and the second was the fashionable approach to hunch, based on the poetry of Petrarch (1304-1374, an Italian poet who wrote about love). However, Shakespeare does not simply adopt and recount history instead he modified the civil wars of the period into a minor war a family feud that takes place in a stable state. Also, he contrasted the fiction act of the Petrarchan lover with the experience of a young man who is truly in love (Romeo). Baz Luhrmann approaches his new var. of Romeo+Jul iet with the corresponding intent.He entertains contemporary viewers by using modern ideas to convey the values embodied in the play and the impossible love, hate and sorrow that are the essence of Shakespeares tragedy. Introducing these very(prenominal) ideas in a different context has proven the value of Shakespeares storyline and the importance of the morals associated with it. An aspect of Shakespeares play and Luhrmanns film that varies is the setting. The play is set in the 16th century in Verona, whilst Baz Luhrmanns film takes place on Verona B apiece, 20th century times, resembling Los Angeles.The setting of the film is a outstanding contrast to the Elizabethan England of William Shakespeare hence the attitudes expressed in the film vary from those conveyed in the play. This also contributes in articulating the contemporary attitude to religion, violence, duty, etc and how it has signifi idlertly changed from those of 16th century England. A major feature that Luhrmann h as maintained in his film is the original Shakespearean language that characterises the play.Although the meaning of particular sentences has been changed, other parts fall in been emphasised. An illustration is Mercutios speech at Sycamore grove, the dialogue is very similar, Her wagoner Queen Mab, a small grey-coated gnat And in this state she gallops night by night and this has been reiterated by close up shots of Mercutios face, showing his emotions. Also the famous line O Romeo, Romeo wherefore art thou Romeo? is from the original play and has been reinforced by an offer gaze from Juliet, showing her love for Romeo.This shows contemporary audiences Luhrmanns ability to capture the core of the tragedy through traditional Shakespearean text, and that even though the context has changed over the years, the language of Shakespeare is highly valued and pondered by the majority of people. In addition, a difference in the film by Baz Luhrmann, compared to the play by Shakespeare i s the prologue and chorus. In Shakespeares original production, the chorus would have entered the Globe Theatre, and to gain the audiences attention, would yell Two households, both a homogeneous in dignity and the rest of his part.In Luhrmanns portrayal of the chorus, he instead uses close up shots of a television with an African American woman delivering a news report. Whereas Shakespeares audience were aurally dependent, modern audiences intrust immensely on visual aspects of Luhrmanns Romeo+Juliet. The use of the television caught the contemporary audiences eye and the African American woman represents the historically important legacy of the civil rights pitch-black movement, which is another aspect that appeals and relates to a modern audience.This shows that the variation in context has led to new values which Luhrmann has incorporated in his film, proving his appropriation of Romeo and Juliet is much more superior to Shakespeares play for a contemporary audience. A vital c omponent and similarity in Shakespeares play and Luhrmanns film are the themes. Baz Luhrmann has kept the same themes and ideas from the original play in his film which shows they are actually timeless and can impact on all audiences, no matter what age they are a part of. One of the key themes in the play and film is love.When Romeo sees Juliet for the first time, he forgets his former love Rosaline and falls genuinely in love with Juliet. She in turn responds to him with a love that is innocent and eager. Another important theme in the two texts is hate. Peace is destroyed by the hatred that the Montagues and Capulets feel for each other and the causes of this are not important, the results are. The love of Romeo and Juliet provides a strong contrast to the hate and are aspects of the play that do not have to be modernised.Hate and love can be interpreted as the duality of kind-hearted life hence even though the context of the film has differed from the play, these two themes rem ain to be just as relevant today as they were in Shakespeares time. Furthermore, Baz Luhrmann has taken a modern panorama on each character, giving them character traits that may have only been hinted at in Shakespeares play. An example is the different representations of Romeos first meeting with Juliet at the masked ball.In Shakespeares play, the use of language conventions such as sexual innuendo, as well as the line And palm to palm is the holy plamers kiss portrays Juliet as either being a guarded character who is not interested in Romeo to an otherwise much more sexual and suggestive personality. On the other hand in the film, Juliet is conveyed as a flirtatious and completely exotic character. In the scene where she meets with Romeo, Luhrmann reinforces Juliets sensual eye movements, with close-up shots, as she gazes past the look for in the fish tank to lock with Romeos eyes.Shakespeares characterisation of Romeo and Juliet appealed to the late 16th century audience, howev er as times have changed, so has the context, and Luhrmann expresses his characterisation of the couple as a way of reaching out to his young and contemporary target audience. Additionally, it is vital to remember that in the 17th and 18th centuries, plays were enacted in theatres and Shakespeares audience came to the play with a significant level of aural exposure, whereas Luhrmanns film is more visually developed. Hence, a key variation in the two text types is the techniques used.Shakespeare has expressed his ability to use diverse language to appeal to his audience. An example is the balcony scene of Act II Scene II, when Romeo says It is my lady, O it is my love, reinforced with hyperbole two of the fairest stars in all the heaven, exaggerating the view of Juliets sparkling eyes. Another example is Shakespeares use of puns and bawdy or sexual jokes, which can be seen in Act I Scene IV, when Romeo, Mercutio and Benvolio discuss going to the Capulets party A torch for me Let want ons light of heart, Tickle the ill-considered rushes with their heels. (Romeo jokes about the ladies at the Capulet party being immoral when they are actually respectable). An additional language feature evident is the use of similes It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night like a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear. Romeo says this line to describe Juliet when he first sees her. The Elizabethan culture understood the puns, the sexual jokes, as well as the language that is found so ancient and old in the 20th century. All these language conventions prove that Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet to entertain his audience, writing inwardly the context of his culture.On the other hand, Baz Luhrmann has adopted a style very much of his own in creating the film Romeo+Juliet. To appeal to a contemporary audience, Luhrmann has used two-fold visual techniques. One example is the use of costumes, at the Capulet ball Tybalt was dressed as a devil. This shows his evil and violent personality, rep resenting the theme of violence and hatred. Camera contribute is another technique used effectively an example is in the final scene when alternating close ups of Romeo and Juliets fingers moving are shown, which creates dramatic irony as we see Juliet waking up just as Romeo prepares to kill himself.Luhrmann also uses playful humour which can be seen when Romeo stumbles over to reach Juliet, appealing to his young audience. In addition Latin and punk music, a childrens choir and a production number is used in the film to create a blissful and contemporary atmosphere. It is evident, throughout the use of modern technology and visual techniques, Luhrmann has successfully made his appropriation of Romeo and Juliet much more superior to Shakespeares play, for a modern audience. Moreover, a variation in values between the play and film is The Wheel of Fortune and religion.During Shakespeares time, it was widely believed that fate and/or dowry was the main controlling force in life. Ju st as a part of a wheel moves from a low to a high position or from high to low, so does a mans life. Hence, Shakespeare used this value to portray the idea of as to what extent fate and to what extent human foolishness and error, contributed to the final tragedy. On the other hand, Luhrmann takes what implications of religion there are in the play and makes them a key visual focus in his film.Romeo and Juliet have a relationship that is based around the church, and there is usually a cross or other religious symbol in the scenes in which they appear, further the story to be viewed in a Christian context. Luhrmann uses his Christ imagery as a way to show contemporary audiences that the young lovers play a Christ-like role in their families sacrificing themselves for the final peace between their families. Because of the lovers sacrifice, Verona has hope for life, just as Christians in the world have hope for life because of their Saviour (God).Hence, Luhrmanns Romeo+Juliet conveys the values of its original context whilst relating to his modern audience by depicting current social issues which make it more relevant and comprehensible to the audience. Furthermore, as the context of Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare has changed, so has peoples interpretations of the play. Early psychoanalytic critics saw the complication of Romeo and Juliet in terms of Romeos overconfidence developing from ill-controlled, partially disguised enmity, which led to Mercutios death and the lovers suicide.In the late 1900s, critics such as Julia Kristeva focused on the hatred between the Capulets and Montagues, arguing that this hatred caused Romeo and Juliets passion for each other. Juliet for example, speaks of my only love sprung from my only hate and usually articulates her love through an anticipation of Romeos death. Feminist literary critics debate that the blame for the family feud lies in Veronas patriarchal society. For example, Coppelia Kahn, a feminist critic believes th e firm, manlike code of violence implied on Romeo, is the main force driving the tragedy to its end.In this view, the teenagers become men by involving themselves in violence on behalf of their fathers. Juliet also obeys a female code of purity and obedience and she demonstrates this by allowing others, such as the Friar to brighten her problems for her. This shows that Romeo and Juliet has had many different readings over the years and critics values, professions and cultures can have a major influence on their interpretations. In addition, Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet is not the only appropriation of Shakespeares play. The play has been adapted numerous times for stage, film, musical and opera.David Garricks 18th century version modified many scenes, removing material then thought of as offensive, and Georg Bendas adaption excluded much of the action and added a happy ending. Performances in the 19th century, such as Charlotte Cushmans, updated the original text, and centred on gre ater realism. In 1935, John Gielguds version reinforced the Elizabethan culture and costumes, and kept very close to Shakespeares text. In the 20th century, the play has been diversely adapted, including the 1950s musical West look Story and the 1996s MTV-inspired Romeo and Juliet.It is evident that Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet has a timeless storyline as well as powerful themes and language, and has been appropriated multiple times as the text is highly valued. In conclusion, it is now clear that William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is highly valued and Baz Luhrmann has taken what is valued about the original play the themes, evocative language and poetry, the timeless storyline and humour, and has placed it in a context which is accessible and appealing to a contemporary audience.The variations in the reactions to the text over time, differences and similarities between language, settings, prologue and chorus, themes, characterisation, techniques, values and contexts, as w ell as different readings of the play and other appropriations has shown how and why the text has been appropriated and remains immensely valued. It is through appropriations like Luhrmanns, which have continually rekindled the fire to enable the original storyline of Romeo and Juliet to be perceived by an ever changing audience.

King David- A short outline essay of his life Essay

A universe after Gods own heart is what David is called in I Samuel 1314. So, it is very stabilizing to discover that he is not sinless but a man of great passions and driven by great desires.He has a violent control and is a vicious, cruel killer. However, when the Lord puts the finger on him, he is also completely repentant. He has the whole spectrum of emotions that you and I have, yet God calls him a man after His own heart, because, even though he fails God many times, he loves God wholeheartedly.Davids RiseGod Chooses David to be King- King capital of Minnesota, though a talented king, had stopped obeying God early in his career, and had begun turning selfish and evil. So God t mature the prophet Samuel he would remove Saul from be king, and replace him with a man after his own heart.The Battle with Goliath- David approached Goliath on the run, sling in hand. His first shot penetrated the giants forehead, and he fell facedown, dead.Saul Turns on David- Saul threw his spear, and David narrowly dodged the spear. Fearing for his life, David finally decides he isnt safe and leftover town that night.David in Exile- David wandered the wilderness, living in caves. Many other fugitives sought him out, and soon he had a community of 400 families in his care.David Spares King Saul- David passed up a chanced to kill Saul, out of obligingness for the LORD, and he displayed the hem of Sauls robe as evidence. He furthermore promised he would never harm the king the LORD had elect.King Saul Dies in Battle- Saul was mortally wounded, and fearing that hisenemies would capture and torture him, he takes his own life.David, King of Judah- under Davids powerful leadership, Judah grew stronger and stronger. Under Ishbosheths incompetence, Israel grew weaker and weaker.David, King of Israel- Davids military prowess became legendary. He converted many nearby nations from aggressors into subdued enemies. By the end of his life, his empire was so powerful that there was peac e, and his son Solomon never had to fight a war.The Ark of the Covenant- Instead of carrying the Ark as prescribed they followed the example of the Philistines, placing it on a cart. Then at one climactic moment, the oxen stumbled, the cart was upset, and the Ark was in danger of falling to the ground. One of the Levites, named Uzzah, reached out to steady the Ark, ignoring the prohibition against touching it. For this offense, the LORD instantly struck him dead.Preparations for the Temple -The LORD had different plans. He told Nathan to go back to David and tell him he was not the one to build a temple. Instead, after Davids death his son would be king in his place, and he would build the temple.Davids DeclineScandal- David sends one of his commanders to die in battle after falling for his wife and getting her pregnant. Later this son dies and God stick around to curse him by turning his family against him.Amnons Crime- The prince rapes his sister and King David handling of this c rime shows his loss of good judgment since his own similar crime.Absaloms Crime- other one of Davids Sons and the full brother of Tamar, swears revenge and ends up having his brother killed and then becomes exiled to prevent his own death.Absaloms Rebellion- Almost as soon as Absalom returned to Jerusalem, he began conspiring to overthrow his father King David and take his throne. Absalom died under Joabs sword.Shebas Rebellion- One of the leaders in the bickering over the land left by king Absalom, a man named Sheba, declared himself king of Israel, exclusive of Judah. He raised an army, and civil war began once again.Adonijahs Rebellion- When King David was old he lost awareness of much that happened around him. God had chosen Solomon, and David had privately promised that Solomon would succeed him as king. But in his feeble condition he was losing control of his kingdom, and his ability to control who succeeded him was in doubt. At this moment Davids son Adonijah decided to make himself king.When Bathsheba, Solomons mother heard this she went to David and reminded him that God had chosen Solomon as the new king of Israel. David finally had a clear moment and made sure that Solomon took over the Kingdom.As Solomon took over as king he sent Adonijah home with the warning that if he ever showed the slightest sign of treason again, he would die.Later, Adonijah schemed to obtain one of now-dead Davids assistant girls for his wife. This seemed innocent enough, but it reminded Solomon vividly of similar schemes Adonijahs brother Absalom had used in his treasonous bid for the throne.Solomon interpreted this as the first step in Adonijahs renewed run to overthrow Solomon, and ordered him put to death, along with some of the top people in Adonijahs original conspiracy.

James I’s Intolerance of the Catholic Faith Essay

Do you agree with the view that the main cause of the Gunpowder while of 1605 was crowd together Is credulity of the catholic religious belief? It was the lack of tolerance in which James showed toward the Catholic faith, but also the large amounts of tolerance to the Protestants in the mean time. James was, almost, too gratifying towards the Protestants and therefore angered the Catholics as he did so, leaving the Catholics wanting to display that the bigotry shown towards them was unacceptable. Therefore, historians are able to infer that it was due to James attitudes towards the catholic faith that the Gunpowder P jackpot took place. etymon 2 and 3 both agree that the gunpowder plot was due to James dealing with the Catholic faith with a very harsh attitude, also pushing the Catholics into ta index measures such as massacres, rebellions and expansive attempts against the King and State due to the King driving them to. James dealt severely .. he took a lot of money which he, evidently, didnt implicate amongst the puritans. James shows a lot of hatred towards the Catholics and their faith with the modal value he dealt with them. Source 4 supports evidence shown finished both source 2 and 3 in the way that it is expressing the utter detestation he had of Catholicism and how he was happy to show his hostility against the Catholics in order to satisfy the Puritans.James states how he couldnt comply with all the needs of the Catholics which they present to them, as yet he made no effort to even think about contemplating those needs of the Protestants. The kings hatred towards the Catholics, however, whitethorn also have been due to the play of his inherited chief minister, Robert Cecil, who from Source 3 we can agnise himself didnt enjoy having the Catholic faith around, being warned that if the ruthlessness shown towards them wasnt to stop then the king would have to intervene in massacres, rebellions and desperate attempts against the king and state . However, Robert Cecil, down to his own despise of the faith manipulated the situation, applying a larger amount of pressure upon James to continue to treat the Catholics with a harsh manner, shown in source 5, Cecil used every opportunity to infer to James that the popes were rivals to his authority something James could not turn out.Source 5, unlike source 3, states how Cecil was a staunch protestant seeing the Catholics as being tantamount(predicate) to traitors due to their beliefs opposing the king by referring back to the pope, although they both show that Robert Cecil is using his own tie-up to affect the way in which the King undertake the issue of the Catholic faith, just in various(a) ways, and therefore a possible cause of the gunpowder plot, which many historians would argue, was due to James ministers themselves, influencing the kings beliefs and ideals. Robert Cecil through his influence over the king shown in source 5 can also be supported in source 1 with him s tating that the King has been too tolerable of the Catholics and how the king should be harsher towards them and how the Kings spendthrift kindness has resulted to priests preach that Catholics much kill the Kings to help their religion, and therefore wasnt James intolerance of the Catholics that caused the Gunpowder plot but the tolerance he showed them instead.Many Catholics would say that due to James advisedly publicly announcing his utter detestation of their faith that James deserved the plot to be against him due to the harshness shown towards their faith and beliefs, which we are able to infer via source 4 telling historians that all priests had been expelled and recusancy fines introduced. Overall through the sources historians are able to infer that James showed a large intolerance towards the Catholic faith, whether it be through him own ideals or influenced by other, which then pushed them into believing that performing the Gunpowder plot upon the Houses of Parliament was for the great good of their religion, and therefore the main cause of the gunpowder plot of 1604 was King James intolerance for the Catholic faith. Amy Poole.

Strategic Cost Management (SCM) GPBL Trimester Essay

strategic Variance Analysis of a Firm Growth,Price, Profitability, Productivity Elements affecting its Profits and consequent Cash Flow. Max. boy Count 3000 words This is a study on a Strategic Variance Analysis for the advantageousness as well as the Operating Cash flow. In this context you choose to take some(prenominal) critical assumptions if you are unable to procure the relevant quantitative details. The quantitative details you lead need are as follows 1. Industry aggregates of the Units Produced and Sold 2. Chosen Firm level details of the Units Produced and Sold. 3. Input output Ratio. This will need assumptions and perhaps be restricted only to the materials. You need to perform a likely amount of inquiry to obtain these numbers. Quantitative details may be provided in Annual Reports of the firms constituting the exertion you acquire considered. Check sources such as the Capitaline. Ministry of Commerce and Industry, RBI, Planning commission, some publications su ch as the statistical outline of India etc etc. You need to examine the following a) Select an Industry, use an appropriate justification of having define the industry by using the ITC code, HSN or SIC classification or any other that will have some universal acceptability. b) Choose a Firm you would necessity to analyze that constitutes the Industry you have chosen. c) If industry aggregates are not available define the industry by identifying the major industry players and hence aggregate their quantitative details to make this a proxy for the Industry or the market you would want to consider. d) Perform a Strategic Variance Analysis to demarcate the impact of Growth, Price and Productivity elements in explaining the impact on the changes in the profits of the firm you have chosen for the year with its subsequent year. thusly if you are analyzing the Year 2011 compare this with 2012 for the firm and the industry. e) Perform a strategic variance analysis on the operating cash fl ow for the firm chosen. f) Conclude on strategy you believe the firm is adopting minded(p) the financial analysis you have done.Marking Parameters 1. Choice of the Industry and the firm and its justification. -10 Marks 2. Demonstrated evidence of the research done in obtaining information for points (a), (b) and (c). 30 Marks 3. Critical Analysis of Points (d) and (e).50 Marks 4. Conclusion10 Marks

Obama’s Health Care Reform

Obamas Health Care repossess Building the universal wellness occupy system is one of the campaign promises of the Obama administration. Health concern occupies a special place on popular finance its different with other goods markets in the daily sp salutaryliness. Its one of the important issues for the political science activity, which associated with bulks aliveness and death. People realise high select wellness care is a advanced of all masses and should provide as a public service. People got their health restitution from the working companies, the government, or the insurance policy companies.The health care rejuvenate is the freehanded part in Barack Obamas presidency. On March. 23rd, 2010, finally the Patient Protection and Affordable Care movement became law. Obama wants to use health care reform to stimulates the economy in the short run, but in addition rivet the deficit caper in the languish run. This health care reform is the most important change over for the US. As we known US is the scarce developed countries which doesnt consume universal health coverage, it has much than 40 millions who dont have health care insurance, alike some family cant afford the high health insurance cost. similarly the public funds for the health care are also high the US has the high cost health care but inefficient operation system. at present the aging problem become more serious, it has more retirees, the elders need more health care, and this ontogenys the pressure of the health care insurance, increase the cost of the health care also some technique widely apply caused the expenditure increase The Obamas health care plan quickly increase the number of people who have health care insurance by spending money upfront.The Act includes the health insurance providers are mandated to accept person, charging them the akin rate as individuals without conditions extend the coverage, provides more subsidies to the poor people to cast the ins urance, provide low-priced health coverage for all Americans, no matter that are rich or poor people have choice to select their insurance and doctors, it aims to eliminate some worst practices of the insurance company reduce the cost and make health insurance more effective.The US would keep the employee-based health insurance to cover most Americans, also create a public insurance system for people who do not have insurance. The employers have to pay into the system for the employees or provide health care insurance as good as the federal system. Also individuals would pay into the public system, the government would shake off subsidy to start the cost and make them affordable for the low-level class.As a family, 38% think that the life would be better off, 43% think that theres no change As the tout ensemble country, we find that 59% think the country will do better after health care reform, 19% think that there would be no change after reform, 12% think their life would be w orse off. So to the whole country, most of people support the reform. Actually, this reform brings the US galore(postnominal) changes. To the whole US citizen, it extends coverage through mandated. The health care plan will provide affordable and efficient health insurance coverage for most Americans.So people who in the middle-level class or low-level class have ability to join into this health care plan. They all have right to get high quality health care. US expand the Medicaid range, give subsidy insurance reward to someone were poverty creating a national health insurance exchange, its control by the government and sell insurance to people who dont have health insurance As shown in the graph, using the health care plan, the share of the population with health insurance coverage would increase to 93. 3% in 2019, spend about 20. 9% GDP on health care, means that government care more about peoples health.Change the US health care system to lower cost but high quality system. Oba ma put forward that antitrust laws to prevent insurers from overcharging physicians for malpractice insurance. This not nevertheless reforms the medical malpractice system, regulate the insurance company, but also improve the efficiency of the whole system, improve forbearing safety. The most important part of Obamas policy is make investment in health information technology, this strategy nor only improve the health care quality, also reduce the cost in long run society. He provides a competitive insurance market to promote more efficient and more competition.Promoting prevention and strengthening public health. In previous health care plan, less than one in twenty five goes for prevention. Obamas notion of the health care plan is to create the conditions and opportunities that allow and pull ahead Americans to adopt healthy lifestyles. Prevention is the national priority, providing opportunities to have healthy lifestyle and keep disease a counseling. .. For example, have mor e primary care provider and disease prevention program, established National Prevention, Health promotional material these federal agencies would help to build good promotion and prevention for the country.The government provides special funds for promotion and prevention this would improve the quality of health care, improve the public health strategy and develop the unexampled technology provide in the raw prevention technology information and regular screening for peoplegovernment provide such services to prevent disease by healthy lifestyle. The reform not only affects the health care, but also the economy. The most important impact on industry is the insurance industry.As the charter and for insurance increase because the regulation on employers, also the supply decrease the price is low due to the regulation, this would decrease the cost of health insurance. Recent years, insurance industry is belt, by this health care reform, it reduces the overhead status and reduces the competition in this industry. Obamas plan regulate the insurance industry by providing new purchasing pools, standards the health care package, reducing expenses, promoting competitionwithout the reform, government spending on Medicare and Medicaid is unsustainable, also natural elevation during years, by this, the family save a lot.The reform has regulation on employers should provide health insurance to the employees. Also to some small business, the government provide special subsidy fund to help them build the health care plan Obamas plan tries to overhaul the previous health care system. He stands as the patient, the health care provider, employers, employees, government attempt to change aspect from different persons opinion. This reform changes the current health care system and affects the economy, to build a universal health care system. It has flesh advantages, but also it has some problems.Like government require employees to provide employers health insurance if th ey dont have. To employers, this is not good news, basically, this increase their cost of hiring employers, and means that they should hire less people by the same amount spending. Also American is a democratic state people have their own right to choose what they want. Obamas opinion is build the universal health care system, but realization way is force all people to buy health insurance, people lost their right at the same time, they should provide personal information to the insurance company, including their habits.The most important is government power expansion to the health insurance Americans lost their own medical decision, the decision power transfers to the government. Also theres problem whether the cost containment strategies going to support this universal health cares system in long run in a flash its hard to say the future of this health care reform, weather is good to public, or have some problem, time would tell us the truth. According to the short term, the ref orm is good for Americans and the economics also good for the people who cannot afford the insurance.It has positive impact on the society, become one of a unfit jump in the history. Citation 1. http//www. calpoly. edu/efisher/Econ%20464/NicoleWallen%20Senior%20Project. pdf 2. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Health_care_reform_in_the_United_States 3. http//healthpolicyandmarket. blogspot. com/2008/03/detailed-analysis-of-barack-obamas. html 4. http//www. bing. com/images/search? q=health+care+obama+plan&FORM=BIFD