Contemporary And International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Contemporary And International Marketing - Essay Example of globalization has forced countries and the businesses to broaden their strategies and implement these strategies in other markets to expand the size of their business and economies. Moreover, televisions, cameras, telecommunication services and products and electronic gadgets are in great demand by consumers and businesses, who are involved in producing these products and services, see this increasing demand as a great opportunity to produce even greater revenues. The expansion of business can be in the form of foreign direct investments, Greenfield ventures, licensing and franchising or by opening up a subsidiary in cross border regions. Businesses can be involved in international markets for the sake of achieving benefits and significance of production based on the increased supply and demand in foreign markets (Lukac). In Sony’s case, the Japanese conglomerate decided to expand into international markets for the sake of delivering benefits of its products and services to the customers all around the base and in return, maximizing its annual revenues and shareholders’ wealth (Sony Corporation). Sony has divided its business into five geographic regions. These are Japan region, United States region, European region, Asia-Pacific region and Other Areas which include different markets in Africa, North and South America and Oceania. Sony makes its major profits in United States, Japan and European regions, thanks to the bulk selling of its communication gadgets and television in these regions. Sony’s annual revenues in 2011 were amounted to around 7,181,273 Japanese Yen which are -0.0045% lower than the revenues reported in 2010 (Sony Corporation). Sony considers four emerging markets as its future prospects for setting up factories and operational facilities... This report stresses that Sony offers a variety of standardized products through the geographic regions in which it is doing business. These products can be classified as electronic devices, games and entertainment solutions. These categories includes a range of televisions and projectors, home theatres, cameras, laptops, games, portable entertainment solutions, cellular phones, batteries and chargers, peripheral devices and etc. Reason for producing and delivering standardized products to the target customers at dispersed locations is the high cost of producing and delivering differentiated products. Moreover, consumers’ preferences for electronic goods and gadgets are same all around the world which allows Sony to sell its trademark and standard products throughout. This paper makes a conclusion that the review of Sony Corporation’s business reveals that the company has established itself as the manufacturer of quality electronic goods and gadgets. The consistency in quality delivered to the customers and after sales service makes Sony the world’s largest manufacturer of electronic goods and a reliable name in the field, which helps the company to maintain the current market share and attract new customers. Moreover, the massive size of its business, which is dispersed in 5 regions of the world, helps Sony to outclass its competitors, which is supplemented by the strategies adopted by the company regarding its marketing mix.

Strategy Recommendation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategy Recommendation - Research Paper Example In addition, businesses sell their products through various online platforms such as e-bay and Amazon. Nike Inc began its operations in September 8, 1969.The Company engages in design, development, marketing and worldwide distribution of apparel, footwear, accessories, equipment and services. The company mainly focuses on manufacturing athletic apparel and footwear. The corporation’s major products offerings include football wear, running gear, and basketball uniform in addition to training and boxing apparel. The company also produces sports apparel for children and other equipment for sport-oriented recreation activities such as swimming, golf, lacrosse, American football and outdoor activities. Nike also manufactures sports accessories like bags (Carty, 2010). The company’s marketing strategy entails promotion activities such as event sponsorships, billboards and television advertisement. It also promotes its products through placement in various reality TV shows across the world. Nike is the largest designer and manufacturer of sports apparel in the world. The company initially specialized in the production of sports footwear. Its current line of production comprises of various types of sportswear such as swimsuits, footwear, training wear, boxing gears and its accessories, football apparel and basketball gear. The company utilizes the internet to market and sell their products. Moreover, it communicates with the consumers on various social network platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace. Nike Inc also uses Instagram to highlight various updates on their products such as Nike shoe customizations and the enhancement of comfort in its running gear. The internet enables the company to communicate, sell and market its product s easily. Nike Inc uses the internet to enhance its operations in the apparel market, which makes it an excellent case study for the proposal (Knight, 2000). The internet is

Causes Effects Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Causes Effects Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay A recent newspaper candidate that: Resource degradation and depletion, biodiversity decline, climate change increasingly complex and incredible. It is an overview about current situation of the environment. Every year, 14 billion pounds of sewage, sludge, and garbage are dumped into the world oceans, 19 trillion gallons of waste also enter the water annually. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, developed countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. In the most recent national report on water quality in the United State, 45 percent of assessed and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted. Thus, we must have good solution to solve this problem because it is not only useful in one person, but also in human race. Therefore, this paper with the purpose of helping us knowledge about water pollution will discuss the importance things of this problem and give out good ideas to improve environment. B. DISCUSS OF FINDINGS I. The situation of water pollution in our daily life, especially in development countries. Nowadays, water pollution is polluted more and more seriously. It is an increasingly alarming problem, running not only our drinking supplies, but training our food supplies as well. Water pollution can be defined in several ways. It occurs when energy and other materials are released, degrading the quality of the water for other users. It includes all of the waste materials that cannot be naturally broken down by water. In other words, anything that is added to the water, above and beyond it capacity to break it down, is pollution. Pollution, in certain circumstances, can be caused by native itself, such as when water flows through soils with high activities. But more often that not, human actions are responsible for the pollutants that enter the water. The percentage of water polluted is increasing sharply. For example. In Hanoi ( Vietnam) only 5-7 percent of waste water treated before discharging to the environment, while about 500.000 cubic meters of waste water discharge directl y to the rivers without any treatment. Another fact we can clearly seen that 30 percent of Irelands river are polluted with sewage or fertilizer or the King River is Australias most polluted rivers, suffering from a severe acidic condition related to mining operations 1.000.000 marine mammals. 1 million sea birds and other aquatic live are killed due to plastic waste in water and coastal area. This is the proof proving for actions of people in the world. We are destroying our life without having aware of this problem. If we do not prevent, we will face to dangerous. II. Causes and effects of water pollution. II.1 Causes of water pollution. Sources of pollution maybe subdivided into point sources and non-point sources. Point sources are sources from which pollutants are released at one readily identifiable spot: a sewer outlet, a steel mill, a septic tank, and forth. Non-point sources are more diffuse, examples would include fertilizer runoff from farm land, acid drainage from an abandoned strip mine, or runoff of sodium or calcium chloride from road salts. On a worldwide basis, agriculture probably contributes more to water pollution than does any other single activity. In the United State, agriculture is estimated to be responsible for about two-thirds of stream pollution. Agriculture runoff carries three main types of pollutants: fertilizer, brocades and animal waste. Scientists have estimated that as many as one-third of the medium and large-size lakes in the United State have been affected by accelerated eutrophication. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United State reports that eutrophication has left 90 percent of the Black Sea with critically low oxygen levels, causing a precipitous decline in the total fish catch. The Baltic sea, too, has slow increasing symptoms of the eutrophication in the last 20 years, the global blooms are thought to be at least partially responsible for declining fish catches. The herbicides and pesticides used in agriculture are an other sources of the chemical pollution of water bodies. Runof f from farms where such biocides have been applied contaminates both ground and surface waters. Biocide contamination of groundwater exist in at least 34 states. Surveys in Minnesota and Iowa, for example, indicate that 30-60 percent of private wells may be tainted by runoff from farm herbicides and pesticides. A final agriculture source of chemical pollution is animal wastes, especially in countries where animals are raised intensively. It is estimated that animal wastes in the United State total about 15 billion tons per year, with feedlots generating about haft of the total. If not treated properly, the manure pollutes both soil and water with infectious agents and excess nutrients. Agriculture is only one of the human activities that contribute to water pollution. Others sources are industry, mining, municipalities and residences. For many years, chemical were dumped into bodies of water without concern. It makes water be more opaque and dirty. Thus, our life also become uncomfortable and inconvenient. II.2. Effects of water pollution The effects of water pollution are varied and depend on what chemicals are dumped and in what location. The main problem caused by water pollution is that it kills life that inhabits water based on ecosystems. Dead fish, dolphin, birds and many other animals often wind up on beaches, killed by pollution in their habitat. In India, water pollution due to industrial wastes and sewage has been assuming menacing proportion. Large lakes and large stretches of most of the river in India have water which is unsafe for drinking purposes. Surveys of industrialized zones show that even ground water has become unfit for drinking due to high concentration of toxic metals and chemicals along with bacteriological contamination. Sewage is also another good example of how pollution can affect us all. Sewage discharged into coastal water can wash up on beaches and cause a health hazard. People who bathe or swim in water can fall ill if they swallow polluted water. Sewage can have other harmful effects too. It can poison shellfish (such as cookies and mussels) that grow near the shore. People who eat poisoned shellfish risk sufferings from an acute and sometimes fatal illness. Pollution matter because it harms the environment on which people depend. The environment is not something distant and separate from our lives. It is not a pretty shoreline hundreds of miles from out home or a wilderness landscape that we see on TV. The environment is everything that surrounds us that gives us life and health. Destroying the environment ultimately reduces the quality of our own lives and that, most selfishly is why pollution should matter to all of us. II.3 The solution for water pollution in over the world. Dealing with water solution is something that everyone (including governments and local councils) need to get involved with. Making people aware of the problem is the first step to solving it. In the early 1990s, when suffers in Britain grew tired of catching illness from water pollution with sewage, they formed a group called Surfers Against Sewage to force government and water companies to clean up their activity. Besides, we must have clearly rules to prevent group or personal from discharging waste rubbish into the rivers, lakes, ponds, seas,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ By carrying out these advices with a good attitude, we can take world away from polluting and we will have a better life. C. Conclusion From all the findings above, it is clear that water pollution is still a really huge problem. It has developed greatly over the year. There are many factors leading to this situation. However, we can do some works to help our environment, which was polluted seriously. We can do some works to help our environment, which was polluted seriously. We can take individual action like using environmentally friendly detergents, not pouring oil down drains, reducing pesticides, and so on. We can take community action, too, by helping out on beach cleans or litter picks to keep our rivers and seas that little bit cleaner. And we can take action as countries and continents to pass laws that will make pollution harder and the world less polluted. Working together, we can make pollution less of a problem, and the world will be a better place.

Dissociative identity disorder :: essays research papers

The growing recognition of psychiatric conditions resulting from traumatic influences is a significant mental health issue of the 1990s. Until recently considered rare and mysterious psychiatric curiosities, Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) (until very recently known as Multiple Personality Disorder - MPD) and other Dissociative Disorders (DD) are now understood to be fairly common effects of severe trauma in early childhood, most typically extreme, repeated physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse. In 1994, with the publication of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) was changed to Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), reflecting changes in professional understanding of the disorder, which resulted largely from increased empirical research of trauma-based dissociative disorders. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), widely accepted as a major mental illness affecting 9-10% of the general population, is closely related to Dissociative Identity Disorder (MPD) and other Dissociative Disorders (DD). In fact, as many as 80-100% of people diagnosed with DID (MPD) also have a secondary diagnosis of PTSD. The personal and societal cost of trauma disorders [including DID (MPD), DD, and PTSD] is extremely high. For example, recent research suggests the risk of suicide attempts among people with trauma disorders may be even higher than among people who have major depression. In addition, there is evidence that people with trauma disorders have higher rates of alcoholism, chronic medical illnesses, and abusiveness in succeeding generations. What Is Dissociation? Dissociation is a mental process which produces a lack of connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of identity. During the period of time when a person is dissociating, certain information is not associated with other information as it normally would be. For example, during a traumatic experience, a person may dissociate the memory of the place and circumstances of the trauma from his ongoing memory, resulting in a temporary mental escape from the fear and pain of the trauma and, in some cases, a memory gap surrounding the experience. Because this process can produce changes in memory, people who frequently dissociate often find their senses of personal history and identity are affected. Most clinicians believe that dissociation exists on a continuum of severity. This continuum reflects a wide range of experiences and/or symptoms. At one end are mild dissociative experiences common to most people, such as daydreaming, highway hypnosis, or "getting lost" in a book or movie, all of which involve "losing touch" with conscious awareness of one's immediate surroundings. Dissociative identity disorder :: essays research papers The growing recognition of psychiatric conditions resulting from traumatic influences is a significant mental health issue of the 1990s. Until recently considered rare and mysterious psychiatric curiosities, Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) (until very recently known as Multiple Personality Disorder - MPD) and other Dissociative Disorders (DD) are now understood to be fairly common effects of severe trauma in early childhood, most typically extreme, repeated physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse. In 1994, with the publication of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) was changed to Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), reflecting changes in professional understanding of the disorder, which resulted largely from increased empirical research of trauma-based dissociative disorders. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), widely accepted as a major mental illness affecting 9-10% of the general population, is closely related to Dissociative Identity Disorder (MPD) and other Dissociative Disorders (DD). In fact, as many as 80-100% of people diagnosed with DID (MPD) also have a secondary diagnosis of PTSD. The personal and societal cost of trauma disorders [including DID (MPD), DD, and PTSD] is extremely high. For example, recent research suggests the risk of suicide attempts among people with trauma disorders may be even higher than among people who have major depression. In addition, there is evidence that people with trauma disorders have higher rates of alcoholism, chronic medical illnesses, and abusiveness in succeeding generations. What Is Dissociation? Dissociation is a mental process which produces a lack of connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of identity. During the period of time when a person is dissociating, certain information is not associated with other information as it normally would be. For example, during a traumatic experience, a person may dissociate the memory of the place and circumstances of the trauma from his ongoing memory, resulting in a temporary mental escape from the fear and pain of the trauma and, in some cases, a memory gap surrounding the experience. Because this process can produce changes in memory, people who frequently dissociate often find their senses of personal history and identity are affected. Most clinicians believe that dissociation exists on a continuum of severity. This continuum reflects a wide range of experiences and/or symptoms. At one end are mild dissociative experiences common to most people, such as daydreaming, highway hypnosis, or "getting lost" in a book or movie, all of which involve "losing touch" with conscious awareness of one's immediate surroundings.

The Waste Land

Eliot expressed all of these feelings In his poem. In fact. The Waste Land soon became known as â€Å"the work that best expressed the mood of a postwar generation disillusioned by the loss of ideals and faith in progress† (Duper 7). The Waste Land does not, however, express only despair in the condition of modern society. Conscious of its actual degradation, Eliot sought a meaner to escape it. He did a great deal of research concerning fertility rituals and myths and indicated that â€Å"his reading In these and similar studies revived a way of seeing behind presenters actions a substratum of past beliefs and practices that. Hough now lost to consciousness, continue to Inform our daily lives In hidden but significant ways† (Duper 8). As Dolmen Schwartz states, â€Å"Elite's theme is the rehabilitation of a system of beliefs, known but now discredited† (209). Eliot felt that man needed to be brought back to these old beliefs, but was wary of stating this openly, fearing a direct approach would prevent the poem from being read. The modern man had become too hardened to accept Christian principles directly and, Instead, must gradually be made aware of his condition.In order to achieve this, Eliot chronicled his 1 Nihilism: (from the Latin nil, nothing) a philosophical position which argues that the world, especially past and current human existence, is without meaning. Journey of realization and revelation in the form of The Waste Land, using the protagonist of the poem to represent his own passage to spiritual awareness and to convince man of the degradation of society and the need for reform. The poem begins with the protagonist musing on spring: April is the cruelest month, breedingLilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring Dull roots with spring rain. Winter kept us warm, covering Earth in forgetful snow, feeding A little life with dried tubers. (1, 1-7)2 This passage is an indication of the extent of the degradation of man. He has sunken so low Into depravity that he prefers to live a life of ignorance and to disregard the fact that he Is living a half-life. April, the month In which spring begins, is no longer a joyous time in which new life is celebrated, but a cruel time of rebirth that reminds man that his own life is terribly empty.The protagonist then addresses man directly, stating, â€Å"you know only / a heap of broken images, where the sun beats, / and the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief, / and the dry stone no sound of water† (l, 21-24). He then invites us into â€Å"the shadow of this red an allusion to the got Isaiah, in which the Messiahs torture coming is likened to â€Å"an hiding place from the wind, and a covert from the tempest; as rivers of water in a dry place, as the shadow of a great rock in a weary land† (KAVA Bible, Sis. 32:2).Under this red rock, he will show the way to escape the mundane life man has roughs upon himself. The speaker th en recalls the time he first realized the emptiness of his life. In the 2 Citations from the poem are taken from The Waste Land, De. Michael North (New York: Norton, 2001) springtime, he says, he gave his lover hyacinths. Looking at her, with her arms full of flowers and her hair dripping wet, he expected to see happiness and fulfillment, but saw nothing. At this point, he realizes that true Joy cannot be found in transitory things.The world holds nothing for him- â€Å"Ode' undo leer ads Mere† (1, 42)-desolate and empty is the sea. It is possible that Eliot came to this same realization through a similar cause, as he and his wife had a very unhappy relationship. The protagonist then takes us on a Journey through society, a Journey that illustrates the full extent of human degradation and spiritual emptiness. In the first scene of â€Å"A Game of Chess,† a wealthy couple is shown at home, living meaningless lives composed of dull routines. Their relationship is forced and artificial, each so self-absorbed that neither can communicate with the other.In the second scene of this section, the extent of gradation is further revealed. A woman is in a pub discussing with a group of friends the advice she gave her friend Ill when Oil's husband, Alfred, was discharged from military service. She says she pointed out that Alfred, having been in the service for four years, â€Å"wants a good time† and told Ill, â€Å"if you don't give it to him, there's others 148-149). She then rebuked Ill for looking â€Å"so antique† (II, 156), and Ill replied that it was because she had an abortion. She had already given birth to five children and did not want more.In this scene, sex is reduced to a duty a wife must reform to please her husband, and children are an obligation, not a Joy. In â€Å"The Fire Sermon,† the depravity of man is further illustrated. A woman is shown in her apartment eating dinner with her lover. Their encounter after dinner is described thusly: The time is now propitious, as he guesses, The meal is ended, she is bored and tired, Endeavourers to engage her in caresses Which still are unimproved, if undesired Flushed and decided, he assaults at once; Exploring hands encounter no defense; His vanity requires no response, And makes a welcome of indifference. Ill, 235-242) When he leaves, â€Å"her brain allows one half-formed thought to pass: ‘Well now that's done: and I'm glad it's 252) This attitude of indifference can be seen as even more depraved than lust and expresses the apathetic attitude of many after the war. However, there is still hope. Sometimes, the protagonist can hear â€Å"the pleasant whining of a mandolins† (Ill, 261) near the walls of Magnums Martyr, a church â€Å"where fishermen lounge at noon† (Ill, 263). This brief glimpse of hope is an indication of the source of a meaningful life. The â€Å"fishermen† remind us of Jesus' disciples, the â€Å"fishers f men† (KAVA Bible, Matt. :19), who were exhorted to Journey throughout the earth, telling men tot the gospel o t Christ and the way to salvation. In â€Å"Death by Water,† TN way of escape from the degradation of society is revealed. The protagonist tells us of Please the Phoenician, who experienced death by water, which can be seen as a representation of baptism, the shedding of the sinful nature, and the acceptance of the â€Å"Living Water† (KAVA Bible, John 7:38) of Christ. Please is now dead to the world. He has forgotten â€Å"the cry of gulls, and the deep sea swell / and the profit and the joss† (V, 313-314).He is no longer affected by the sin of modern society but lives separate from it. The narrator then addresses the reader: â€Å"Gentile or Jew / O you who turn the wheel and look to windward, / Consider Please, who was once handsome and tall as you† (V, 319-321). With this address, the narrator reminds us that we are as mortal as Please, and we also require this â€Å"Living Water. † This passage is a direct contrast to â€Å"The Fire Sermon† quenching the fires of lust with the â€Å"Living Water† that provides spiritual cleansing. To truly experience life, our sinful nature must die.The protagonist concludes by explaining his own realization that, like â€Å"Jerusalem Athens Alexandria† (V, 374), modern society is deteriorating: â€Å"London Bridge is falling down† (V, 426). At this time, he has a decision to make: â€Å"Shall I at least set my lands in order? † (V, 425) Will he avoid the decay of society and abandon his meaningless life for one with significance? His decision is evident in the last stanza of the poem. Amid the madness of the ruin of society, the protagonist finds â€Å"Shanties shanties shanties† (V, 433)-a peace that passes understanding.Like Please, he has chosen to bid farewell to his dishonest, worldly self and surrender to the Living Water th at has the power to quench the fires of corruption. It is through this passage that Eliot suggests his own discovery and his decision to experience the peace that passes understanding by surrendering the corrupt part of himself. The poem, composed of seemingly fragmented ideas and stream-of-consciousness thoughts, ends on a note of peace, a peace that Eliot has attained and wishes modern man to experience. Works Cited Duper, Robert S.

Literature Review- Parenting Styles and Child Development Essay

Abstract A parenting style is a method or type of parenting which directly and indirectly influences the development of the child. Developmental psychologists study the physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, emotional and personality growth and development that occurs throughout a lifetime. The purpose of this research was to identify how specific parenting styles positively and negatively correlate with behaviors in children, how they affect children, and what methods of parenting could be used to benefit the development of children. Parenting Styles and Child Development Developmental psychologists have long been interested in how parents impact their child’s development. However, finding the actual links between the specific actions of parents and the influenced behavior on children is very difficult. Some children that are raised in entirely different environments can later grow up to have remarkably similar personalities. And some children who share a home and are raised in the same environment can grow up to have completely different personalities than one another. Links between parenting styles and behavior are based upon correlational research, which can identify the relationships between variables but cannot establish a definitive cause. However, despite these challenges, researchers have uncovered convincing links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children. In my literature review I will be going over some of those links and the studies that are associated with them. In a study conducted by Alizadeh Shahla, Abu Talib Mansor, Abdullah Rohani and Mansor Mariani, the relationship between parenting style and children’s behavior problems were addressed. The sample in this study consisted of 681 mothers of students in elementary school (levels 3, 4, 5), who were chosen from eight schools In Tehran. Mothers were identified through their children who comprised 347 girls from four schools and 334 boys from four schools chosen by cluster random sampling. The Mothers were given a Children’s Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) Questionnaire and a Parent Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). The Parent Authority Questionnaire was designed to measure Baumrind‘s  threedimensions: Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive. The Children’s Behavioral Checklist included forms to evaluate competency, and affective-behavioral problems. The results of the study indicated that there is a significant correlation between the parenting style of mothers and children’s behavioral problems. The Authoritative level of mothers had a negatively significant correlation with internalizing symptoms in children. The Permissive level of mothers has positive significant correlation with internalizing symptoms in children. Lastly, the Authoritarian level of mothers had a roughly equal significant correlation with internalizing and externalizing. While the sample size of this study may be large enough to be considered representative of the population, the study itself limited parenting style to factors based only on children’s misbehavior. Many other relevant factors were not taken into consideration, such as age, genetics, economics, peer pressure, parent’s income, society, school, etc. The study also excluded men, only taking data based on the parenting styles presented by women. Moreover, the parents could have responded to the questionnaires in the way the wanted their families to be represented, resulting in false or distorted information. In a study conducted by Ãâ€"nder Fulya and Cenkseven Yilmaz Yasin, the role of life satisfaction and parenting styles in predicting delinquent behaviors among high school students was addressed. The sample of the study was determined in two phases. At first, the study was conducted with 881students from 9-12 grades attending twelve public high schools in Adana central province, their ages ranged from 14 to 19 years. In the second phase, a total of 502 students were determined to show low level of delinquent behaviors and high level of delinquent behaviors. 243 of students were from 9th grade, 87 from 10th grade, 91 from 11th grade, and 81 from 12th grade. When the parents were examined, 82 of the mothers and 7 of the father were Illiterate, 240 of the mothers and 233 of the fathers were primary school graduates, 73of the mothers and 98 of the fathers were middle school graduates, 72 of the mothers and 107 of the fathers were high school graduates, and 24 of the mothers and 48 of the fathers were university graduates. Researchers had parents of each sample group answer a set of questionnaires, the Delinquency Scale (DS), The Parenting Style Inventory (PSI), and the Multidimen sional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS). The Delinquency Scale (DS), is used to determine behaviors which would be  regarded as crime if they reflected and bring adolescent face to face with laws. The Parenting Style Inventory (PSI) is a 26 item scale that has three factors: acceptance/ involvement, strictness/supervision, and psychological autonomy. The Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) is a 40 item self report instrument that assesses satisfaction across five specific life domains: family, school, friends, self and living environment. The researchers concluded that when all test results were considered, satisfaction variables perceived from â€Å"strictness/supervision†, â€Å"school†, â€Å"family† and â€Å"self† have a positive correlation and meaningful contributions in explaining the highness of delinquency. While the researchers state that â€Å"strictness/supervision†, â€Å"school†, â€Å"family† and â€Å"self† have a positi ve correlation they are only referring to the 76.3% of the sample groups that tested positive and neglecting the 23.7% that did not. The sample sizes are large but the specifications of the parents in the â€Å"delinquent† sample group are too varied and therefore may represent misleading data. There were many different styles of questionnaires in this study which may be causing the data to become more complex than it needs to be in order to understandable results. In a study conducted by Jabeen Farah, Anis-ul-Haque and Riaz Muhammad Naveed, parenting styles as predictors of emotion regulation among adolescents are addressed. The sample of this study was 194 adolescents ages 12-15, 7th-9th grade from private secondary schools. The students were asked to respond to the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Early Adolescents Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ). The Parental Authority Questionnaire was designed to measure Baumrind‘s threedimensions: Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive. The Early Adolescents Temperament Questionnaire is comprised of the subsets, including attention shifting and focusing, inhibitory control, and activation control. Results of the study indicated that maternal permissive parenting style has significant negative correlation with emotional regulation and that paternal permissive parenting style has significant negative correlation with emotional regulation. The sample size is somewhat small due to the fact that data is being taken from a private school, and the fact that the data is coming from a private school in itself does not accurately represent the population as a whole because of the fact that private schools are exclusive. Furthermore, the parents which correspond with the children of  this study are all middle class and have moderate incomes rather than low or high incomes, and children who have single parents were excluded from the study. Also, there still remains the chance that some children may have not answered their questionnaire honestly. In a Longitudinal study conducted by Tong Lian, Shinohara Ryoji, Sugisawa Yuka, Tanaka Emiko, Maruyama Akiko, Sawada Yuko, Ishi Yukiko and Anme Tokie, the relationship of working mothers’ parenting style and consistency to early childhood development was addressed. The sample consisted of 504 participants recruited through 41 care facilities in Japan. Both children and their mothers participated. The mothers were surveyed regarding parenting behaviors and home environment, and service providers evaluated the development of each child in the facilities. Child development was assessed using six primary measures: gross motor skills, fine motor skills, so cial competence, communication skills, vocabulary and intelligence. Environmental stimulation was evaluated through: human stimulation, avoidance of restriction, social stimulation and support. Each child was evaluated by childcare professionals in 2004 and again in 2006 using developmental scales. Results of the study showed that children’s gross motor development was statistically significantly related to mother’s parenting practices at the beginning of the study. The ages of the children that were included in this study varied, and children with mental disabilities were excluded from the study entirely. The study addresses a â€Å"working mother’s† relationship but feels that it is perhaps unnecessary to consider the implications of a working father’s parenting style, or for that matter, the father’s influence on the child at all. Also the study could be conducted longer than 2 years for more insightful results. In a study conducted by Parsasirat Zahra, Montazeri Mona, Yusooff Fatimah, Subhi Nasrudin and N en Salina, the most effective kinds of parents on children’s academic achievement are addressed. The sample included Iranian high school students who were between the ages 15 to 17. The total numbers of participants were 546 who included 249 males and 297 females. They were given two questioners, Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), and a self-demographic report which included their current Grade Point Average. Results showed that neither mother authoritative parenting, nor father authoritative parenting was significantly correlated with academic achievement and that neither mother authoritarian parenting, nor father  authoritarian parenting was significantly correlated with academic achievement. However, it did illustrate that both mother permissive parenting, as well as father authoritative parenting were significantly correlated with academic achievement. The age groups tested by the study were between fifteen to seventeen, so an assumption that similar correlations would be applicable to all other age groups of children will not have any definite proof. The data relies on the honesty of the participants and so data is not for certain conclusive evidence. There are many different factors to parental styles that influence children’s behavior. And while the definitive links between parenting styles and behavior may be unknown, correlational research has been able to make the parental styles which establish those links to become clearer to us. Through my research I have gathered that there are specific parental styles that positively and negatively correlate with behaviors in children. That strictness can manage delinquency, that permissive parenting can correct behavioral problems, or that perhaps authoritative parenting can help children in academics when paired with permissive. I have also noticed that the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) is generally a good questionnaire as it is frequently used. References Alizadeh, Abu, Abdullah, and Mansor (2011). Relationship between parenting style and children’s behavior problems. doi:10.5539/ass.v7n12p195 Jabeen, Anis, and Riaz (2013). Parenting styles as predictors of emotion regulation among adolescents. Ãâ€"nder and Cenkseven (2012). The role of life satisfaction and parenting styles in predicting delinquent behaviors among high school students. Parsasirat, Montazeri, Yusooff, Subhi, and Nen (2013). The most effective kinds of parents on children’s academic achievement. Tong, Shinohara, Sugisawa, Tanaka, Maruyama, Sawada, Ishi, and Anme (2009). Relationship of working mothers’ parenting style and consistency to early childhood development. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05058.x

Man vs. Himself essays

Man vs. Himself essays Self-fulfillment is what people live for, without it how can a person live? A failed search for self-fulfillment often leads to death. Demonstrated in A Tale of Two Cites, Hamlet, and A Death of a Salesman, each novel includes one character that struggles to fulfill his life, which results in death. Self-fulfillment can include being loved, wealthy, happiness, remembered, respected, or even a being hero. Sadly if none of these objectives is met, the character seems to think death is the only way option. Nothing great will ever be achieved without great men, and men are great only if they are determined to be so as said by Charles DeGaulle, relates to each character in the three novels that they were never determined to improve their life. The first example of failed self-fulfillment resulting in death is Willy Lomans from the novel A Death of a Salesman. Loman fails to be well-liked and also fails to provide for his family and decides that the only way to provide for them is to commit suicide so they can collect the insurance money. Loman spent most of his life trying to convince his family that he is the best in the business and he wants his sons, Biff and Happy to be the same. Willy tells his sons that with his success hell be Bigger than Uncle Charley! Because Charley is not liked. He's liked, but he's not well liked.(Miller, I.iii) Little do Biff and Happy know, that their father isnt liked at all, hes just trying to fulfill one of his goals in life, being well-liked. Later when Loman is fired from his job he starts to think about all the hard work hes contributed to wanting to become successful and then concludes that, Funny, y'know? After all the highways, and the trains, and the appointments, and the yea rs, you end up worth more dead than alive.(Miller, II.iv) Now Willy starts to see death as the only way to provide for his f...